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A watch battery or '''button cell''' is a small form-factor Battery designed for use in wrist watches, pocket calculators, hearing aids, and similar compact portable electronics products. Watch batteries are usually a single cell with nominal voltages between 1.5 and 3 V. Common Anode materials are Zinc or Lithium , common cathode materials are Manganese Dioxide , Silver Oxide , Carbon Monofluoride or Copper Oxide . The cylindrical surface of these types of batteries is part of the positive (+) terminal. TYPE DESIGNATION International Standard IEC 60086-3 defines an alphanumeric coding system for watch batteries. Electrochemical system The first letter identifies the electrochemical system used in the battery, which also implies a nominal voltage: The "C"-type 3-V lithium cells are today the most commonly used type in Quartz Watch es, Calculator s, small PDA devices, and computer motherboard clocks. Package size Its package's size is identified by a three-to-four digit code, preceded by the letter "R" to indicate a round cell. The first 1–2 digits indicate the outer diameter of the battery (downwards-rounded millimeters), and the last two digits indicate the overall height (downwards-rounded 0.1 millimeters). Examples:
ISO/IEC 83-3 lists the following diameter codes: :4 = (4.8+0−0.15) mm :5 = (5.8+0−0.15) mm :6 = (6.8+0−0.15) mm :7 = (7.9+0−0.15) mm :9 = (9.5+0−0.15) mm :10 = (10.0+0−0.20) mm :11 = (11.6+0−0.20) mm :12 = (12.5+0−0.25) mm :16 = (16+0−0.25) mm :20 = (20+0−0.25) mm :23 = (23+0−0.50) mm :24 = (24.5+0−0.50) mm The following height codes are used with 16–24 mm diameter batteries: :12 = (1.20+0−0.20) mm :16 = (1.60+0−0.20) mm :20 = (2.00+0−0.25) mm :25 = (2.50+0−0.50) mm :30 = (3.00+0−0.50) mm :36 = (3.60+0−0.50) mm :50 = (5.00+0−0.50) mm Final letters After the package code, the following additional letters may optionally appear in the type designation to indicate the electrolyte used:
An appended letter "W" states that this battery complies with all the requirements of the IEC 86-3 standard. OTHER PACKAGE MARKINGS Apart from the type code described in the preceding section, watch batteries should also be marked with
The manufacturing date can be abbreviated to the last digit of the year, followed a digit or letter indicating the month, where O, Y, and Z are used for October, November and December, respectively (e.g., 01 = January 1990 or January 2000, 9Y = November 1999). COMMON APPLICATIONS
RECHARGEABLE VARIANTS Regular watch batteries are not Rechargeable . Rechargeable button cells are commercially available, but are not commonly used due to their inferior capacity. OTHER CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS
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