Information AboutVoseo |
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In Spanish , ''voseo'' is the use of the Second Person Singular Pronoun ''vos'' instead of ''tú''; ''tú'' is often considered the standard, but ''vos'' is much more common in many dialects. ''Vos'' is used extensively as the primary spoken form of the second-person singular in various countries around Latin America , including Argentina , Bolivia , Chile , Costa Rica , Ecuador , El Salvador , Guatemala , Honduras , Nicaragua , Paraguay , and Uruguay . ''Vos'' is generally not used in writing, except in Argentina, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Uruguay, and increasingly in Paraguay . This phenomenon is also gradually taking place in Central America , where the most prestigious media are beginning to use the pronoun ''vos'' instead of ''tú''; Nicaragua , where the dialect is known as Central American Spanish , is a perfect example of this. In El Salvador , newspaper comics employ ''voseo'', but it is hardly ever found in narrative articles outside of quotations. Increasingly, billboards and other advertising media are using ''voseo''. In the dialect of Argentina and Uruguay (known as Rioplatense Spanish ) ''vos'' is also the standard form for use in television media. ''Vos'' is present in other countries as a regionalism, for instance in the Maracucho Spanish of Zulia State , Venezuela (see Venezuelan Spanish ), in Chiapas , a state in southern Mexico, and in various departments in Colombia . It is also present in the Ladino dialect of Spanish, spoken by Sephardic Jew s throughout Israel , Turkey , The Balkans , Morocco , Latin America and the United States . HISTORY logo is an example of the voseo form used in Nicaragua n media.]] ''Vos'' was the formal second-person singular pronoun in Old Spanish (like '' You '' in earlier forms of English ), while ''vosotros'' was the formal second-person plural pronoun. Nevertheless, both are now informal pronouns, with ''vos'' being somewhat synonymous with ''tú'' in regions where both are used. During the Middle Ages , the second person formal became ''vuestra merced'' ("your grace"), and ''vos'' became an additional second person familiar, along with or replacing ''tú''. This was the situation when Castilian was brought to the Río De La Plata area (around Buenos Aires and Montevideo ) and to Chile . In time, ''vos'' lost currency in Spain but survived in Argentina and Uruguay, while ''Vuestra merced'' evolved into ''usted'' (presumably with influence from Arabic استاذ ''ustaadh''). Note that the term ''vosotros'' is a combined form of ''vos otros'' (meaning literally "you others"), while the term ''nosotros'' comes from ''nos otros'' ("we others"); ''otros'' was added to avoid confusion (in a manner similar to the formation of Y'all in the English of the Southern United States ). This corresponds with ''youse'' in Scottish English and Hiberno-English . USAGE Conjugation with ''vos'' '' in Buenos Aires. The title means "It's not you, it's me."]] and Central America . Voseo in Chile is informal, hence it is used to attract young people]] Below is a comparison table of the conjugation of several verbs for ''tú'' and for ''vos'', and next to them the one for ''vosotros'', the informal second person plural currently used only in Spain. The accented forms (''vos'' and ''vosotros'') and the Infinitive s are Stress ed in the last syllable; the ''tú'' forms are stressed on the penultimate one. Note the Alternations (caused by stress shift) in the Root s of ''poder'' and ''venir''. It should be noted that some Uruguayan speakers combine the pronoun ''tú'' with the ''vos'' conjugation (for example, ''tú sabés''). Conversely, speakers in some other places where both ''tú'' and ''vos'' are used combine ''vos'' with the ''tú'' conjugation (for example, ''vos sabes''). The verb forms employed with ''vos'' are also different in Chilean Spanish: instead of deleting ''i'' from the final diphthong, Chileans with ''voseo'' delete the final ''s'' (''vos soi'', ''vos estái''). Venezuelan Maracucho Spanish, on the other hand, is notable in that it preserves the original plural verb forms, as still used with ''vosotros'' in Spain. In Ladino, the ''-áis'', ''-éis'', ''-ois'' endings are pronounced , , . ''Vos'' as a replacement for other forms of ''tú'' The independent disjunctive pronoun ''ti'' is also replaced by ''vos''. That is, ''vos'' is both Nominative and accusative, as well as the form to use after Preposition s. Therefore ''para ti'' "for you" becomes ''para vos'', etc. The preposition-pronoun compound ''contigo'' "with you" becomes ''con vos''. Affirmative imperative ''Vos'' also differs in its affirmative Imperative conjugation from both ''tú'' and ''vosotros''. Specifically, the ''vos'' imperative is formed by dropping the final ''-r'' from the infinitive, but keeping the stress on the last syllable. The only verb that is irregular in this regard is ''ir''; its ''vos'' imperative is not used, with ''andá'' (the ''vos'' imperative of ''andar'') being used instead. ATTITUDES The pronoun ''vos'' is usually informal, like ''tú'' in other varieties of Spanish, and contrasts with the formal ''usted'', but appropriate usage varies by dialect. In Central America, ''vos'' can be used among those considered equals, while ''usted'' holds its formal employment and ''tú'' an even more informal, quasi-inferior usage. An example widely seen in Latin America is that most people treat each other with ''vos'' but when by chance the pronoun ''tú'' is used, it is done so when addressing children, romantic partners and even animals. In Ladino, the pronoun ''usted'' is completely absent, so the use of ''vos'' for formal situations is the standard. While ''vos'' may be considered uneducated in some dialects, it is standard in others. ''Voseo'' was long considered a reprehensible practice by Prescriptivist grammarians (with the idea that only Castilian Spanish is good Spanish), but it is now regarded simply as a local variant. SEE ALSO SOURCES
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