Visual effects are frequently integral to a movie's story and appeal. Although most visual-effects work is completed during Post-production , it usually must be carefully planned and choreographed in Pre-production and Production . A Visual Effects Supervisor is usually involved with the production from an early stage to work closely with production and the Director to achieve the desired effects.
Visual effects may be divided into at least four categories:
- Models: Miniature Sets And Models , Animatronics
- or Rotoscope d elements
- Live-action effects: Keying actors or models through Bluescreen ing and greenscreening
- Digital animation: Modeling , Computer Graphics Lighting , Texturing , rigging, animating, and Rendering computer generated 3D Characters , particle effects, digital sets, backgrounds, etc..
- Animal Logic (Sydney, AU and Venice, CA)
- Boss Film Studios (Marina Del Rey, CA) - ''closed''
- Bird Studios (London UK)
- (Van Nuys, CA, US)
- CA Scanline (München, DE)
- CafeFX (Santa Maria, CA, US)
- CBS Digital (LA, CA, US)
- Cinesite (London/Hollywood)
- C.O.R.E. (Toronto, ON, Canada)
- Digital Domain (Venice, LA, CA, US)
- Double Negative (VFX) (London, UK)
- DreamWorks (LA, CA, US)
- EdenFx (Hollywood, CA, US)
- Flash Film Works (LA, CA, US)
- Framestore CFC (London, UK)
- Giantsteps (Venice, CA)
- The Mill (London, UK; NY and LA, US)
- Hydraulx (Santa Monica, LA, US)
- Image Engine (Vancouver, BC, CA)
- Industrial Light And Magic (San Francisco, CA, US)
- Intelligent Creatures (Toronto, ON, CA)
- Mac Guff (LA, CA, US; Paris, FR)
- Moving Picture Company (Soho, London, UK)
- OYSTERR (Chennai, India)
- Rhythm And Hues Studios (LA, CA, US)
- Rising Sun Pictures (Adelaide and Sydney, AU)
- RIOT (Santa Monica, CA and Manhattan, NY, USA]]
- Sputnik Studio (Santa Monica, CA)
- Surreal World (Melbourne, AU)
- Sony Pictures Imageworks (Culver City, CA, US)
- Tippett Studio (Berkeley, CA, US)
- Weta Digital (Wellington, NZ)
- Zoic Studios (Culver City, CA, US)
- Intrigue FX Canada
- Red Chilles VFX (Bombay,India)
- Pixelloid (Hyderabad,India)
- Primefocus (Mumbai,India)
- T. Porter and T. Duff, "Compositing Digital Images", Proceedings of SIGGRAPH '84, 18 (1984).
- The Art and Science of Digital Compositing (ISBN 0-12-133960-2)
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