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THE NUMBER OF VALENCE ELECTRONS


The number of valence electrons an element has is determined by its Periodic Table Group (vertical column) in which the sup element is categorized. With the exception of groups 3–12 ( Transition Metal s), the number within the unit's place identifies how many valence electrons are contained within the elements listed under that particular column.

  • Valence electrons are not generally useful for transition metals.''


  • --- Except for Helium , which only has two valence electrons.''



VALENCE ELECTRONS IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS


The number of electrons in an atom's outermost valence shell governs its Bonding behavior. Therefore, elements with the same number of valence electrons are grouped together in the Periodic Table of the elements. As a general rule, the fewer electrons in an atom's valence shell, the more Reactive it is. Group 1 Alkali Metal s are therefore very reactive, with Lithium , Sodium , and Potassium being the most reactive of all metals.

Every atom is much more stable, or less reactive, with a full valence shell. This can be achieved one of two ways: an atom can either share electrons with neighboring atoms, a Covalent Bond , or it can remove electrons from other atoms, an Ionic Bond . Another form of ionic bonding involves an atom giving some of its electrons to another atom; this also works because it can end up with a full valence by giving up its entire outer shell. By moving electrons, the two atoms become linked. This is known as Chemical Bond ing and serves to build atoms into Molecule s or ionic compounds. Five major types of bonds exist:


The valence electrons are also responsible for determining the Electrical Conductivity nature of an element.


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