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branch of Corporate Identity design and Branding .]] Publishing house style guides outline standards for design and writing for a specific publication or organization. Some focus on Graphic Design , covering such topics as typography and white space. Web Site style guides focus on a publication's visual and technical aspects, prose style, best usage, grammar, punctuation, spelling, and fairness. Some modern style guides are for the general public, tending to focus on language over visual presentation. Although style guides do not directly address a writer's voice, some writers think them too restrictive. Like language, many style guides change with time; for example, the stylebook of the Associated Press is updated yearly. ACADEMIA AND PUBLISHING Publishers' style guides establish house rules for language usages, such as spelling, italics, and punctuation; consistency is the major purpose of these style guides. They are rulebooks for Writer s, ensuring consistent language. Authors are asked or required to use a style guide in preparing their work for publication; Copy Editors are charged with enforcing the publishing house's style. University style guides are particularly rigorous in the preferred source citation style; their use is required of scholars submitting research articles to academic journals. GENERAL INTEREST The general public is the audience for some style guides; these may adopt the approaches of publishing houses and newspapers. Others, such as '' Fowler's Modern English Usage (3rd edition)'', report how language is practiced in a given area and outline how phrases, punctuation, and grammar are actually used. Since they are for the general public, they cannot require one form of a word or phrase instead of another, though they may make strong recommendations; anyone interested in writing in a standard form of language may use such style guides. To have an idea of how this approach is used, consider what Robert Burchfield , and observers, have stated about ''Fowler's''. On the one hand, Burchfield states, "Linguistic correctness is perhaps the dominant theme of this book", but he also states, "I believe that 'stark preachments' belong to an earlier age of comment on English usage". Indeed, John Updike, writing in ''The New Yorker'' magazine, said: "To Burchfield, the English language is a battlefield upon which he functions as a non-combatant observer." SPECIALIZED GUIDES Some organizations other than the aforementioned ones produce style guides for either internal or external use. For example, communications and public relations departments of business and nonprofit organizations have style guides for their publications (newsletters, news releases, Web sites), and organizations advocating for social minorities establish what they believe to be fair and correct language treatment of their audiences. Graphic design style guides Many publications (notably newspapers) use Graphic Design style guides to demonstrate the preferred Layout and Formatting of a published page. They often are extremely detailed in specifying, for example, which Fonts and colours to use. Such guides allow a large design team to produce visually consistent work for the organization. EXAMPLES OF STYLE GUIDES International standards Several basic style guides for technical and scientific communication have been defined by international Standards Organization s. These are often used as elements of and refined in more specialized style guides that are specific to a subject, region or organization. Some examples are:
Canada Newspapers
United Kingdom General
Journalism
United States In the United States, the two most widely-used style guides are the in names, as in " Yahoo! " for the Internet portal. As of 2000, Walsh's popular The Curmudgeon's Stylebook is no longer on-line. General
Books and general interest
Web sites
Newspapers
Government
Law
Academic
For a summary and comparison of academic style guides, see Style Manuals and Writing Guides by the CSULA University Library. Computer industry (software and hardware)
Graphic design style guides
SEE ALSO
EXTERNAL LINKS Style guides for American English
Style guide for Australian English Style guides for British English
Style guide for Canadian English
Style guides for international organizations
Style guide for medical journal articles
Miscellaneous
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