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, Asia's oldest subway line, first opened in 1927.]] The transportation network in Greater Tokyo includes public and private rail and highway networks; airports for international, domestic, and general aviation; buses; motorcycle delivery services, walking, bicycling, and commercial shipping. While the nexus is in the central part of Tokyo , every part of the Greater Tokyo Area has rail, road, air, or sea transportation services. s and motorcycles play a secondary role in urban transport. AIRPORTS Two airports handle the vast majority of commercial flights in the region. Tokyo International Airport (Haneda) in Ōta, Tokyo , is the primary field for domestic flights. Narita International Airport in Narita , Chiba Prefecture , is the major gateway for international travelers. Chofu Airport in the city of Chōfu in western Tokyo handles commuter flights to the Izu Islands, which are administratively part of Tokyo. Tokyo Heliport in Kōtō Ward, serves public-safety and news traffic. In the Izu Islands, Ōshima Airport on Ōshima, Hachijōjima Airport on Hachijō, and Miyakejima Airport on Miyake provide air service. In addition, the Greater Tokyo area hosts military bases with airfields:
RAILWAY AND SUBWAY Rail is the primary Mode Of Transportation in Tokyo. Tokyo has the most extensive urban railway network in the world, including surface lines. There are 101 passenger train lines serving Tokyo Prefecture, and 18 more serving the metropolitan area but not Tokyo Prefecture, for a total of 119 serving Greater Tokyo. Despite this vastness (see external link map), the network is still being expanded. Rail in Japan is often extremely crowded, with people pushing their way in when completely full. Most lines in Tokyo are privately owned and operated, with the exception of ''Toei'' subway lines (run directly by the Tokyo Metropolitan government). Rail and subway lines are highly integrated and dense; commuter trains from the suburbs continue directly into the subway network on many lines, often emerging on the other side of the city to serve another company's surface line at major stations. It is estimated some 20 million people take the 70 plus train and subway lines, and go through 1,000 stations in the metropolitan area daily. Shinjuku Station is the busiest train station in the world by passenger throughput. Acording to the Shinjuku Station article, the station was used by an average of 3.31 million people per day in 2006. See the article for the exact sources. JR East Japan Railway Company , or JR East, is the largest passenger railway company in the world. It operates throughout the Greater Tokyo area (as well as the rest of northeastern Honshū ). In addition to operating some long-haul Shinkansen ("bullet train" lines, except Tōkaidō Shinkansen operated by JR Central ), JR East operates Tokyo's largest railway network, including the Yamanote Line that encircles the center of Tokyo, and commuter lines radiating from the city to its suburbs. These include the Keihin-Tōhoku Line between Saitama and Yokohama, the Chūō Line to western Tokyo, and the Sōbu Line to Chiba. The Keiyō serves nearby parts of Chiba. The Yokohama , Tōkaidō , and Yokosuka Line s serve the southwestern parts of the area. Many additional lines form a network outside the center of the city. Among these are the Hachikō , Itsukaichi , Jōban , Jōetsu , Kawagoe , Musashino , Ōme , Negishi , Nambu , Sagami , Takasaki , and Tsurumi Lines. In total, JR alone operates 23 lines within the Greater Tokyo area. JR East is also the majority stockholder in the Tokyo Monorail , one of the world's most commercially successful Monorail lines. Other carriers operating in Tokyo Regional railways carry commuters into the center of Tokyo. These include several private railway networks. Keikyu operates 5 lines, Keio 6, Keisei 7, Odakyu 3, Seibu 13, Tobu 12, Tokyu 8, and the last 5 one each for a total of 55 non-JR lines serving Tokyo Prefecture.
Some private and public carriers operate within the boundaries of Tokyo.
Subways in Tokyo Two organizations operate the Tokyo Subway network. One has the name "Tokyo Metro" and the other is a part of the government of Tokyo. Tokyo Metro operates 9 lines, Toei operates 4 for a total of 13 lines.
Railways outside of Tokyo Prefecture but in Greater Tokyo The Sagami Railway (Sōtetsu) operates 3 lines, while all the rest operate one line each, for a total of 18 lines.
BUSES bus]] Public buses in Greater Tokyo usually serve a secondary role, feeding bus passengers to/from train stations. Exceptions are long distance bus services, buses in areas poorly served by rail (not many exist), and airport bus services for people with luggage. Tokyo's metropolitan government operates ''Toei'' buses mainly within the with a Kneeling function to assist mobility-impaired users. Toei Bus official website : 50% of buses are now non-step buses. TAXIS Taxis also serve a similar role to buses, supplementing the rail system, especially after midnight when most rail lines cease to operate. Persons moving around the city on business often chose taxis for convenience, as do people setting out in small groups. OTHER Walking and cycling are very common forms of transport in Japan. ROADS Local roads National, prefectural and metropolitan, and local roads crisscross the region. Some of the major national highways are Routes 1, 4, 6, 14, 16, 17, and 20. Route 1 links Tokyo to Osaka along the old Tōkaidō , while Route 6 and Route 4 carries traffic north all the way to Sendai and Aomori respectively. Route 14 connects Nihonbashi with Chiba Prefecture . Route 16 is a heavily travelled circumferential linking Yokosuka , Yokohama , western Tokyo, Saitama , and Chiba . Route 17 originates in central Tokyo and passes through Saitama en route to Niigata Prefecture . Route 20 crosses Tokyo from east to west, continuing into Yamanashi Prefecture . The datum from which distances are reckoned is in Nihonbashi. Local and regional expressways The Shuto Expressway network covers central Tokyo, linking the intercity expressways together, while primarily serving commuters and truck traffic. Important regional expressways include the Tokyo Gaikan Expressway , Third Keihin Road , and Keiyō Road . The Bayshore Route bypasses Tokyo by traveling from Kanagawa Prefecture in between, above, and under Manmade Islands around Tokyo Bay to Chiba Prefecture. The Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line , which goes underneath Tokyo Bay, links Kawasaki to Kisarazu in Chiba Prefecture. Presently under construction (with some segments operating), the Ken-Ō Expressway will be a major circumferential through the area. National Tokyo is now a focus of a nationwide expressway system. However, because of high tolls, expressways are prohibitively expensive for basic transport. Many long-haul routes converge at Tokyo including the Tōmei Expressway , Chūō Expressway , Kan-Etsu Expressway , and Tōhoku Expressway . SHIPPING Shipping plays the crucial role for the freights coming in and out of the area nationally and internationally. But its roles within the area are limited, especially in passenger trips. The notable route which serves as regional transportation is the car-passenger as of 2007-08-01T09:48 retreived on 2007-09-07.. Other passenger services within Tokyo Bay are mostly used as scenic cruises. Out of the Bay, the car-passenger ferry to as of 2007-09-05T13:17 retreived on 2007-09-07. The car-passenger ferries to as of 2007-09-05T13:17 retreived on 2007-09-07.. There are some other freight ferries (which can carry less than 13 passengers) serving out of the Bay. EXTERNAL LINKS
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