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Transgender (, from Trans ( Latin ) and Gender ( English )) is a general term applied to a variety of individuals, behaviors, and groups involving tendencies that diverge from the normative gender role ( Woman or Man ) commonly, but not always, assigned at birth, as well as the role traditionally held by society. Transgender is the state of one's " Gender Identity " (self-identification as male, female, both or neither) not matching one's "assigned gender" (identification by others as male or female based on physical/ Genetic Sex ). Transgender does not imply any specific form of Sexual Orientation — transgender people may identify as Heterosexual , Homosexual , Bisexual , Pansexual or Asexual . A transgender individual may have characteristics that are normally associated with a particular gender, identify elsewhere on the traditional gender continuum, or exist outside of it as "other," "agender," "- 03-06 EVOLUTION OF THE TERM TRANSGENDER The term transgender was popularised in the - 04-10 . leading to its widespread usage in the media, academic world and law.Valentine, D. ( 2000 ) 'I know what I am': The Category 'Transgender' in the Construction of Contemporary U. S. American Conceptions of Gender and Sexuality." Ph. D. Dissertation, Anthropology Department, New York University, 2000. The term continues to evolve. CURRENT DEFINITION The current definition for transgender remains in flux, but some definitions are: :"Of, relating to, or designating a person whose identity does not conform unambiguously to conventional notions of male or female gender, but combines or moves between these".Author unknown, (- 04-07 . :"People who were assigned a gender, usually at birth and based on their genitals, but who feel that this is a false or incomplete description of themselves."" USI LGBT Campaign - Transgender Campaign ". Retrieved 2007 - 03-06 . :"Non-identification with, or non-presentation as, the gender one was assigned at birth." Informed Consent 'Encyclopervia' TRANSGENDER IDENTITIES Transgender identity includes many overlapping categories. These include Transsexual ; Cross-dresser ; Transvestite ; Androgynes ; Genderqueer ; people who live Cross-gender ; Drag King s; and Drag Queen s. Usually not included, because it involves a paraphilia, not gender identification, are Transvestic Fetish ists. These terms are explained below. Many people also identify simply as transgender. The extent to which Intersex people (those with ambiguous genitalia or other physical Sexual Characteristics ) are transgender is debated, since not all intersex people disagree with their Gender assigned at birth. The current definitions of transgender include all transsexual people, although this has been Criticised . The term " Transman " refers to female-to-male ("FTM") transgender people, and " Transwoman " refers to male-to-female ("MTF") transgender people, although some transgender people identify only slightly with the Gender not assigned at birth. In the past, it was assumed that there were far more transwomen than transmen, but it now seems likely that the actual ratio is closer to 1:1. Landén, M., Wålinder, J. ''et al.'' (1996). Incidence and sex ratio of transsexualism in Sweden. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 93(4), 261–263. There is a school of thought that says terms such as "FTM" and "MTF" are subjugating language that reinforces the binary gender stereotype. Cromwell, Jason (1999):28 Transmen & FTMs: Identities, Bodies, Genders & Sexualities (Urbana and Chicago:University of Illinois Press). The term " Cisgender " refers to non-transgender people, i.e. those who identify with their Gender assigned at birth. Transsexual See Also: Transsexual - 04-09 . Many transsexual people also want to change their bodies. These physical changes are collectively known as Sex Reassignment Therapy and often include Hormones and Sex Reassignment Surgery . References to "pre-operative", "post-operative" and "non-operative" transsexual people indicate whether they have had, or are planning to have sex reassignment surgery. Although there are Genetic , Hormonal , and Psychological theories, there is currently no known Cause Of Transsexualism . Cross-dresser See Also: cross-dressing l1=Cross-dresser A Cross-dresser is someone who wears clothing of the opposite gender for any reason. Cross-dressers may not identify with, or want to be the opposite gender, nor adopt the behaviors or practices of the opposite gender, and generally do not want to change their bodies medically. The majority of cross-dressers identify as heterosexual.Docter, Richard F., Prince, Virginia (1997). Transvestism: A survey of 1032 cross-dressers. ''Archives of Sexual Behavior'' 26(6), 589-605. Drag kings and queens Main articles: Drag King , Drag Queen , Faux Queen Drag is a term applied to clothing and make-up worn for special occasions and usually because a person is Performing or entertaining as a hostess, stage artist or at an event (e.g. Lypsinka ). This is in contrast to those who Cross-dress for reasons other than as a source of entertainment for others or transgendered people who are not necessarily Drag Queen s or cross-dressers but sometimes fit into those labels. Drag is usually theatrical, often comedic, sometimes grotesque, and has been occasionally considered a caricature of women by Feminist s. Within the genre of drag are Gender Illusionists who do try to "pass" as another gender. Drag artists play and educate on various Gender issues and have a long tradition in LGBT Culture and for some transgender folks is an area where they can find more acceptance and financial support than available in mainstream work environments. Whereas "drag queen" usually applies to female identified drag, the term " Drag King " is usually women doing male drag. A Faux Queen is a newer term covering people (usually women) doing traditional female drag. Transvestite See Also: transvestism l1=Transvestism A - 08-13 . and "transvestite" does not. In medical terms, transvestic fetishism is differentiated from cross-dressing by use of the separate codes 302.3 in the DSM and F65.1 in the ICD . Genderqueer See Also: Genderqueer l1=Genderqueer - 04-07 . People who live cross-gender People who live cross-gender live always or mostly as the gender other than that assigned at birth. If they want to be or identify as their gender assigned at birth, then the term "crossdresser" Blumenfeld, W.J. (date unknown) "...full-time cross-dressers..., people who live and work in the other (of their physical anatomical) sex..." in A Glossary of Transgender Terms from OutProud , an American National Coalition for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual & Transgender Youth. Retrieved on - 04-09 . has been applied to people who live cross-gender without Sex Reassignment Surgery . Androgyne See Also: Androgyny l1=Androgyny An Androgyne is a person who does not fit cleanly into the typical Gender Roles of their society. Androgynes may identify as beyond gender, between genders, moving across genders, entirely genderless, or any or all of these. Androgyne identities include Pangender , Bigender , Ambigender , Non-gendered , Agender , Gender Fluid or Intergender . Androgyne used to be a synonym for Intersex people, but this usage has fallen out of favor. Androgyny can be either Physical or Psychological ; it does not depend on birth sex and is not limited to Intersex people. Occasionally, people who do not define themselves as androgynes adapt their physical appearance to look Androgynous . This outward androgyny has been used in fashion, and the milder forms of it (women wearing men's pants or men wearing two earrings, for example) are not seen as transgender behavior. TRANSGENDER IN CONTRAST WITH SEXUAL ORIENTATION See Also: Homosexuality_and_transgender l1=Homosexuality and transgender See Also: LGBT#Controversy l1=LGBT, section “Controversy” Gender identity and transgender identity are fundamentally different concepts than that of - 04-06 . Transgender people's options for orientation identification are not defined by their birth sex. TRANSGENDER AND HEALTHCARE See Also: Transgender_transition l1=Transgender transition See Also: Category:Gender_transitioning l1=Gender transitioning Mental healthcare Mental healthcare providers use the terms " ISBN 0787967025 Among those therapists who profess to know about transgender issues, many believe that transitioning from one sex to another — the standard transsexual model — is the best or only solution. This usually works well for those who are transsexual, but is not the solution for other transgender people, particularly Cross-gender people who do not identify as plainly Male or Female . Physical healthcare Medical and surgical procedures exist for transgender people. - 04-06 . and Standards Of Care in the relevant jurisdiction. TRANSGENDER AND THE LAW See Also: Legal_aspects_of_transsexualism l1=Legal aspects of transsexualism See Also: Category:Transgender_law l1=Category:Transgender law Legal procedures exist in various Jurisdiction s allowing an individual to change their legal gender, or their name, to reflect their Gender Identity . Requirements for these procedures vary from an explicit formal diagnosis of Transsexualism , to a diagnosis of Gender Identity Disorder , or the fact that one has established a different Gender Role . TRANSGENDER AND CRITICISM Characterisation as lifestyle choice Transgender people face considerable prejudiceSmith, G.A. (- 05-20 . Retrieved 2007 - 06-16 .) that being transgender is "a choice and a lifestyle". In this context it is seen as an extreme form of homosexuality. This characterisation as lifestyle choice Is Not Shared By The American Psychiatric Association Nor The World Health Organization. Characterisation as mental disorder - 11-21 . Retrieved 2007 - 06-16 . Transgender and transsexual
People who have - 04-03 . People who criticise the term "transsexual" state that gender reassignment surgery makes people - 01-31 . Retrieved 2007 - 04-03 . This argument has been used to dispute transsexual women's identification and association with other women. Raymond, Janice G. (1980) ''The Transsexual Empire'' Women's Press, London , ISBN 0704338572 (Pbk) This argument is seen as Biological Determinism and ignores other women who are infertile (e.g. women with Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome with XY Chromosomes ) or Intersex (e.g. women with severe Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ). TRANSGENDER PEOPLE IN NON-WESTERN CULTURES See Also: Category:Transgender_in_non-western_cultures l1=Category:Transgender in non-Western cultures This article describes transgender in the West , but other cultures have or have had similar phenomena. North America In what is now the , the Zapotec culture includes a Third Gender in the form of the Muxe .Stephen, L ( 2002 ) Sexualities and Genders in Zapotec Oaxaca, Latin American Perspectives, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 41-59. Mar., 2002 . Asia In - 04-07 . in Hindi . Transgender people also exist in - 07-22 . Other In early n goddess Cybele and can be regarded as transgender in today's terms.Endres, N. Galli: Ancient Roman Priests from the GLBTQ: an encyclopedia of gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender and queer culture.Brown, K. 20th Century Transgender History And Experience CITATIONS SEE ALSO
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