Transducer

A transducer is a device, usually Electrical , Electronic , Electro-mechanical , Electromagnetic , Photonic , or Photovoltaic that converts one type of Energy to another for various purposes including measurement or information transfer (for example, Pressure Sensors ). In a broader sense (for example in the Viable System Model ) a transducer is sometimes defined as any device that converts a signal from one form to another. A very common device is an audio speaker, which converts electrical voltage variations representing music or speech, to mechanical cone vibration. The speaker cone in turn vibrates air molecules creating acoustical energy.

TYPES OF TRANSDUCERS

This list is confined to the narrower definition of the term.

Electromagnetic:

--- Antenna - converts electromagnetic waves into electric current and vice versa.

--- Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) - converts electrical signals into visual form

--- Fluorescent Lamp , Light Bulb - converts electrical power into visible light

--- Magnetic Cartridge - converts motion into electrical form

--- Photocell or Light-dependent Resistor (LDR) - converts changes in light levels into resistance changes

--- Tape Head - converts changing magnetic fields into electrical form

--- Hall Effect Sensor - converts a magnetic field level into electrical form

Electrochemical:

--- PH Probe

--- Electro-galvanic Fuel Cell

Electromechanical (electromechanical output devices are generically called Actuator s):

--- Electroactive Polymers

--- Galvanometer

--- MEMS

--- Rotary Motor , Linear Motor

--- Vibration Powered Generator

--- Potentiometer when used for measuring position

--- Load Cell converts force to mV/V electrical signal using Strain Gauge s

--- Accelerometer

--- Strain Gauge

--- Switch

--- String Potentiometer

--- Air Flow Sensor

Electroacoustic:

--- Geophone - converts ground movement (displacement) into voltage

--- Gramophone Pick-up

--- Hydrophone - converts changes in water pressure into an electrical form

--- Loudspeaker , Earphone - converts changes in electrical signals into acoustic form

--- Microphone - converts changes in air pressure into an electrical signal

--- Piezoelectric Crystal - converts pressure changes into electrical form

--- Tactile Transducer

Photoelectric :

--- Laser Diode , Light-emitting Diode - convert electrical power into forms of light

--- Photodiode , Photoresistor , Phototransistor , Photomultiplier tube - converts changing light levels into electrical form

Electrostatic:

--- Electrometer

--- Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

Thermoelectric:

--- RTD Resistance Temperature Detector

--- Thermocouple

--- Peltier Cooler

--- Thermistor (includes PTC resistor and NTC resistor)

Radioacoustic:

--- Geiger-Müller Tube used for measuring radioactivity.

--- Receiver (radio)

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Transducer