Information AboutTitanium |
| CATEGORIES ABOUT TITANIUM | |
| chemical elements | |
| transition metals | |
| titanium | |
| pyrotechnic fuelschemical elements | |
| transition metals | |
| titanium | |
| pyrotechnic fuels | |
| chemical elements | |
|
Titanium (; in the Periodic Table it has the symbol '''Ti''' and Atomic Number 22. It is a light, strong, lustrous, Corrosion -resistant (including resistance to Sea Water and Chlorine ) Transition Metal with a white-silvery-metallic Color . Titanium can be Alloy ed with other elements such as Iron , Aluminium , Vanadium , Molybdenum and others, to produce strong lightweight alloys for aerospace ( Jet Engine s, Missile s, and Spacecraft ), military, industrial process (chemicals and petro-chemicals, Desalination Plant s, pulp and paper), automotive, agri-food, medical ( Prostheses , orthopaedic implants, dental implants), sporting goods, and other applications.1 Titanium was discovered in England by William Gregor in 1791 and named by Martin Heinrich Klaproth for the Titan s of Greek Mythology . The element occurs within a number of mineral deposits, principally Rutile and Ilmenite , which are widely distributed in the Earth 's crust and lithosphere, and it is found in almost all living things, rocks, water bodies and soils. The metal is extracted from its principal mineral ores via the Kroll Process . Its most common compound, Titanium Dioxide , is used in the manufacture of white pigments.2 Other compounds include Titanium Tetrachloride (used in Smoke Screen s/ Skywriting and as a Catalyst ) and Titanium Trichloride (used as a catalyst in the production of Polypropylene ). The two most useful properties of the metal form are corrosion resistance, and the highest strength-to-weight ratio of any metal.3 In its unalloyed condition, titanium is as strong as Steel , but 45% lighter. There are two Allotropic forms4 and five naturally occurring Isotope s of this element; 46Ti through 50Ti with 48Ti being the most Abundant (73.8%).5 Titanium's properties are chemically and physically similar to Zirconium . HISTORY Titanium was Discovered combined in a Mineral in Cornwall , England in 1791 by amateur geologist William Gregor , the then vicar of Creed village. He recognized the presence of a new element in Ilmenite when he found black sand by a stream in the nearby Parish of Manaccan and noticed the sand was attracted by a Magnet . Analysis of the sand determined the presence of two metal oxides; Iron Oxide (explaining the attraction to the magnet) and 45.25% of a white metallic oxide he could not identify.6 Gregor, realizing that the unidentified oxide contained a metal that did not match the properties of any known element, reported his findings to the Royal Geological Society Of Cornwall and in the German science journal '' Crell's Annalen ''.7 named titanium for the Titans of Greek Mythology .]] Around the same time, of Greek Mythology . After hearing about Gregor's earlier discovery, he obtained a sample of ''manaccanite'' and confirmed it contained titanium. The processes required to extract titanium from its various ores are laborious and costly; it is not possible to reduce in the normal manner, by heating in the presence of Carbon , because that produces Titanium Carbide . Pure metallic titanium (99.9%) was first prepared in 1910 by Matthew A. Hunter by heating Ti Cl 4 with Sodium in a Steel Bomb at 700 – 800 °C in the Hunter Process . Titanium metal was not used outside the laboratory until 1946 when William Justin Kroll proved that it could be commercially produced by reducing Titanium Tetrachloride with Magnesium in what came to be known as the Kroll Process . Although research continues into more efficient and cheaper processes ( FFC Cambridge , e.g.), the Kroll process is still used for commercial production. Titanium of very high purity was made in small quantities when Anton Eduard Van Arkel and Jan Hendrik De Boer discovered the iodide, or Crystal Bar , process in 1925, by reacting with iodine and decomposing the formed vapors over a hot filament to pure metal.8 |
|
|