There are several uses of the word , relating to two primary meanings: surveys to record the position of items or fixed points on Earth and beyond, such as Astronomical Surveys , bird surveys, and the broad field of land Surveying ; and Statistical Survey s estimating the number of people or other items, such as animals, organisations, or messages. Population Census es are statistical surveys which attempt to include every item in the population.
The names of some scientific organisations incorporate the word "Survey", even though they do not primarily conduct surveys.
- is the science of measuring positions and distances on Earth.
- --- Geophysical Survey s are sub-surface or surface imaging surveys.
- --- Hydrographic Survey s are surveys specifically conducted over navigable waters.
- --- Aerial Survey s are surveys in which special types of aircraft fitted with aerial cameras are used
- --- Archaeological Field Survey s are surveys conducted in order to locate archaeological sites prior to excavation.
- --- Cadastral Survey s map ownership boundaries for purposes of land valuation and taxation.
- --- Geological Survey s record the Geology of an area.
- --- Soil Survey s map the properties and varieties of Soil over some area.
- --- Cave Survey s measure the three-dimensional course of underground caverns.
- involve imaging or mapping regions of the sky.
- --- Timeline Of Astronomical Maps, Catalogs, And Surveys lists astronomical surveys; see also Durchmusterung .
- ---A Redshift Survey is a particular kind of astronomical survey.
- Bird surveys, such as the Breeding Bird Survey , monitor the extent and status of bird populations.
- focus more on establishing the numbers or proportions of items than their position. They are used in many Social Science s, Marketing Research , political Poll ing, and Official Statistics .
- --- Sample Survey s collect information on only a sample from the population, in contrast to Census es.
- ---Serial surveys collect the same information at various time points. These can be divided into:
-- Longitudinal Survey s, which collect the information from the same item at each time point; and
-- Cross-sectional Survey s, which collect the information from a new sample of items (at least in part) at each time point.
- --- are sent by market research companies to their panel members in order to conduct research for large companies.
- --- Audience Response systems are used by various organizations to gauge public opinion on new products, commercials, television shows, motion pictures, politics, and electronic (e.g. web) presentations.
- --- Course Evaluation s ask a series of questions to evaluate the instruction of a given course.
- in scholarly journals summarize an area of research.
- The Survey Of India is India's central agency in charge of mapping and surveying.
- The Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia (JUPEM) is the government agency in charge of mapping , cadastral and geodetic surveying.
- A is a demarcation indicating land ownership, not necessarily corresponding to any Civil Township .
- A is a ship built for the purpose of conducting hydrographic surveys.
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