Information AboutSurveillance |
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, France , watching for possible rioting after the 2007 Presidential Election ]] Surveillance is the monitoring of {Link without Title} .''New Oxford American Dictionary'', Oxford University Press Although the word ''surveillance'' in " is still a general icon of surveillance. Surveillance in many modern cities and buildings often uses Closed-circuit Television cameras. Although surveillance can be a useful tool for Law Enforcement and security companies, many people have concerns about the loss of Privacy . The word ''surveillance'' is commonly used to describe observation from a distance by means of electronic equipment or other Technological means. For example:
However, surveillance also includes simple, relatively no- or low-technology methods such as direct observation, observation with Binoculars , Postal Interception , or similar methods. COUNTER SURVEILLANCE, INVERSE SURVEILLANCE, SOUSVEILLANCE : ''Main article: Sousveillance '' .]] Surveillance is the art of watching over the activities of persons or groups from a position of higher authority. Surveillance may be covert (without their knowledge) or overt (perhaps with frequent reminders such as "we are watching over you"). Surveillance has been an intrinsic part of human history. Sun Tzu 's '' The Art Of War '', written 2,500 years ago, discusses how Spies should be used against a person's enemies. But modern electronic and computer technology have given surveillance a whole new field of operation. Surveillance can be automated using computers, and people leave extensive records that describe their activities. Counter Surveillance is the practice of avoiding surveillance or making surveillance difficult. Before computer networks, counter surveillance involved avoiding agents and communicating secretly. With recent developments — the Internet, increasing prevalence of electronic Security Systems , and computer databases — counter surveillance has grown in scope and complexity. Now counter surveillance involves everything from knowing how to delete a File on a computer to avoiding becoming the target of Direct Advertising agencies. Inverse Surveillance is the practice of reversalism on surveillance, e.g., citizens photographing police, shoppers photographing shopkeepers, and passengers photographing cab drivers who usually have surveillance cameras in their cabs. A well-known example is George Holliday 's recording of the Rodney King beating. Inverse surveillance attempts to subvert the Panoptic gaze of surveillance, and often attempts to subvert the secrecy of surveillance through making the inverse surveillance recordings widely available (in contrast to the usually secret or restricted surveillance tapes). |
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