In Medicine , a is a person who performs Surgery . Surgery is a broad category of invasive Medical Treatment that involves cutting of a body, whether human or other Organism . Surgeons may be Physician s, Dentist s, or Veterinarian s who specialize in surgery.
In the United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand surgeons are distinguished from physicians by being referred to as " Mister ," " Mrs ", " Ms " or " Miss ." This tradition has its origins in the 18th Century , when surgeons were Barber-surgeon s and did not have a degree (or indeed any formal qualification), unlike Physician s, who were doctors with a university medical degree.
By the beginning of the 19th Century , surgeons had obtained high status, and in 1800 , the Royal College Of Surgeons (RCS) in London began to offer surgeons a formal status via RCS membership. The title ''Mister'' became a badge of honour, and today only surgeons who are Fellows Of The Royal College Of Surgeons generally call themselves Mister , Miss , Mrs or Ms in the course of their professional practice.
By contrast, North American physicians and surgeons are always addressed as "Doctor." The title of doctor is represented in a physician and surgeon's name by the title M.D. , D.O. , D.V.M. , D.P.M , D.D.S., or D.M.D. following his/her surname.
- Sushruta (known as "father of surgery", inventor of Plastic Surgery )
- Charles Kellman (invented phacoemulsification, the technique of modern cataract surgery)
- William Stewart Halsted (initiated surgical residency training in U.S., pioneer in many fields)
- Alfred Blalock (first modern day successful Open Heart Surgery in 1944)
- C. Walton Lillehei (labeled "Father of modern day Open Heart Surgery ")
- Christiaan Barnard (cardiac surgery, first Heart Transplantation )
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- John Hunter (Scottish, viewed as the father of modern surgery, performed hundreds of dissections, served as the model for Dr. Jekyll .)
- Sir Victor Horsley ( Neurosurgery )
- Lars Leksell (neurosurgery, inventor of Radiosurgery )
- Joseph Lister (discoverer of surgical Sepsis , Listerine named in his honour)
- Harvey Cushing (pioneer of brain surgery)
- Lall Sawh (Trinidadian Urologist, pioneer of Kidney transplant surgery and early proponent of Viagra usage)
- Joseph Pancoast - 19th century American surgeon
- Norman Bethune - Canadian Thoracic surgeon and Humanitarian , early proponent of Universal Health Care and inventor of the first practical mobile blood transport unit.
- Gavril Ilizarov - Russian Orthopedic surgeon who invented The Procedure to lengthen or reshape limb bones.
- Svyatoslav Fyodorov - Russian Ophthalmologist , Eye Microsurgeon , creator of Radial Keratotomy .
- Gazi Yasargil - Turkish Neurosurgeon , honored as the Neurosurgeon of the Century in 1999 by the Journal of Neurosurgery
- Professor (Dr) Rama Kant - honoured with International World Health Organization (WHO) Award in the year 2005 has pioneering innovations in cardiothoracic surgery, and heads Surgery Department at King George's Medical University
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