Information AboutSmuggling |
| CATEGORIES ABOUT SMUGGLING | |
| dutch loanwords | |
| smugglingdutch loanwords | |
| smuggling | |
| crimes | |
| commerce | |
| illegal occupations | |
|
at the Russian border, 1853, by Vasily Hudiakov .]] Smuggling, or '''trafficking''', is illegal Transport , in particular across a Border . Tax es are avoided; or the goods themselves are illegal for unlicensed possession; or people are transported to a place where they are not allowed to be. SMUGGLED GOODS AND PEOPLE Illegal Drug Trafficking , and the smuggling of Armament s ( Gunrunning ), as well as the historical staples of smuggling, Alcohol and Tobacco , are widespread. The profits involved in smuggling goods appears to be extensive. It has been reported that smuggling one truckload of cigarettes within the United States leads to a profit of US $2 million. {Link without Title} With regard to People Smuggling , a distinction can be made between people smuggling as a service to those wanting to Illegally Migrate and the Involuntary Trafficking Of People . An estimated 90% of people who illegally crossed the border between Mexico and the United States are believed to have paid a smuggler to lead them across the border. {Link without Title} People smuggling can also be viewed by some in some circumstances as a form of rescue. During the years while some US states allowed slavery while others did not, many slaves moved north via the Underground Railroad . Similarly during the Holocaust , Jews were smuggled out of Germany by such as Algoth Niska . A related topic is illegally passing a border oneself. See also Illegal Immigration and Illegal Emigration . SMUGGLING METHODS With regard to crossing borders we can distinguish Concealment of the whole transport or concealment of just the smuggled goods:
For illegally passing a border oneself, another method is with a false Passport (completely fake, or illegally changed, or the passport of a lookalike). See also Mule (smuggling) . HISTORY Smuggling has a long and controversial history, probably dating back to the first time at which duties were imposed in any form. In Britain, smuggling became economically significant at the end of the 18th Century , although of course it was carried out to a greater or lesser extent prior to this high-water mark. The high rates of duty levied on wine and spirits, and other luxury goods coming in from mainland Europe at this time made the clandestine import of such goods and the evasion of the duty a highly profitable venture for impoverished fishermen and seafarers. In certain parts of the country such as the Romney Marsh , East Kent , Cornwall and East Cleveland , the smuggling industry was for many communities more economically significant than legal activities such as farming and fishing. The principal reason for the high duty was the need for the government to finance a number of extremely expensive War s with France and the United States Of America . In North America, smuggling in colonial times was a reaction to the heavy taxes and regulations imposed by mercantilist trade policies. After American independence in 1783, smuggling developed at the edges of the United States at places like Passamaquoddy Bay , St. Mary's in Georgia, Lake Champlain , and Louisiana . During Jefferson's embargo of 1807-1809, these same places became the primary places where goods were smuggled out of the nation in defiance of the law. Like Britain, a gradual liberalization of trade laws as part of the Free Trade movement meant less smuggling. Smuggling revived in the 1920s during Prohibition , and drug smuggling became a major problem after 1970. In modern times, as many First-world Countries have struggled to contain a rising influx of immigrants, the smuggling of People across national borders has become a lucrative extra-legal activity, as well as the extremely dark side, people-trafficking, especially of women who may be enslaved typically as prostitutes. HUMAN TRAFFICKING See Also: Trafficking in human beings , other victims include men, women and children forced or conned into manual or cheap labor. Due to the illegal nature of trafficking, the exact extent is unknown. A US Government report published in 2003, estimates that 800,000-900,000 people worldwide are trafficked across borders each year. {Link without Title} This figure does not include those who are trafficked internally. ETYMOLOGY The word probably comes from the Common Germanic verb ''smeugan'' ( Old Norse ''smjúga'') = "to creep into a hole". Other sources say it comes from the word ''smook'' (fog) which was used in West Flanders . SEE ALSO
EXTERNAL LINKS
Organizations working against Trafficking:
FURTHER READING Joshua M. Smith, ''Borderland Smuggling: Patriots, Loyalists and Illicit Trade in the Northeast, 1783-1820'' (Gainesville, University Press of Florida, 2006). |
|
|