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In Bacteria and other single-cell Organism s, the variety of signal transduction processes of which the cell is capable influences how many ways it can react and respond to its environment. In Multicellular Organisms , a multitude of different signal transduction processes are required for coordinating the behavior of individual cells to support the function of the organism as a whole. As may be expected, the more complex the organism, the more complex the repertoire of signal transduction processes the organism must possess. Thus, Sensing of both the external and internal environment at the cellular level, relies on signal transduction. Many disease processes such as Diabetes , Heart Disease , Autoimmunity and Cancer arise from defects in signal transduction pathways, further highlighting the critical importance of signal transduction to biology as well as medicine.


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