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eliminate the need for a paper list completely and may be used to aid comparison shopping. Online software exists to manage shopping lists from cellphone text messages as well the web {Link without Title} . Electronic commerce websites typically provide a shopping list online for repeat shoppers at the site. Incremental lists typically have no structure and new items are added to the bottom of the list as they come up. If the list is compiled immediately before use, it can be organized by store layout (i.e. frozen foods are grouped together on the list) to minimize time in the store {Link without Title} . Preprinted lists can be similarly organized. Some studies show approximately 40% of grocery shoppers use shopping lists[http://www.thestar.com/NASApp/cs/ContentServer?pagename=thestar/Layout/Article_Type1&c=Article&cid=1109071146552&call_pageid=968867496431&col=969048867839&DPL=JvsODSH7Aw0u%2bwoRO%2bYKDSblFxAk%2bwoVO%2bYODSbhFxAg%2bwkRO%2bUPDSXiFxMh%2bwkZO%2bUCDSTmFxIk%2bwgXO%2bQMDSTvFxIu%2bw8RO%2bMKDSPkFxUj%2bw8UO%2bMNDSPgFxUv%2bw8YO%2bILDSLkFxQh1w%3d%3d]. Other studies show 61-67% use lists.[http://smib.vuw.ac.nz:8081/www/ANZMAC1998/Cd_rom/Thomas102.pdf Art Thomas and Ron Garland, Grocery shopping: Why take a list to the supermarket?] Of the items listed, 80% were purchased. However, listed items only accounted for 40% of total items purchased. Lauren G. Block, Vicki G. Morwitz, Shopping Lists as an External Memory Aid for Grocery Shopping: Influences on List Writing and List Fulfillment, Journal of Consumer Psychology, Vol. 8, No. 4 (1999), pp. 343-375 Use of shopping lists clearly impact shopping behaviour. Thomas, A & Garland, B R. Grocery shopping: list and non-list usage. Marketing Intelligence & Planning. v.22, no.6, 2004. p.623-635. "Written shopping lists significantly reduce average expenditure." Art Thomas, Ron Garland, Supermarket shopping lists: their effect on consumer expenditure, International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 1993 Volume: 21 Number: 2 Use of shopping lists may be correlated to personality types. There are "demographic differences between list and non list shoppers; the former are more likely to be female, while the latter are more likely to be childless." Thomas, W., & Garland, R. (1998). "Grocery shopping: Why take a list to the supermarket?" In ANZMAC98 Conference (pp. 2603-2617), November-December 3, 1998, Dunedin, NZ. Dunedin, NZ: University of Otago. Shopping with a list is a commonly employed behavioral weight loss guideline designed to reduce food purchases and therefore food consumption. An empirical survey does not support the effectiveness of this technique. Beneke WM, Davis CH., Relationship of hunger, use of a shopping list and obesity to food purchases, Int J Obes. 1985;9(6):391-9. Other studies do. Beneke WM, Davis CH, Vander Tuig JG., Effects of a behavioral weight-loss program food purchases: instructions to shop with a list, Int J Obes. 1988;12(4):335-42. Remembering a shopping list is a standard experiment in Psychology Giuliana Mazzoni, Remembering the Grocery Shopping List: a Study on Metacognitive Biases, Applied Cognitive Psychology, Volume 11, Issue 3 , Pages 253 - 267 . There are surviving examples of Roman shopping lists Anna Salleh, "Roman shopping list deciphered", Australian Broadcast Corporation, Monday, 5 March 2001 . Collecting discarded shopping lists is a niche Hobby . REFERENCES EXTERNAL LINKS
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