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]] Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are a class of Antidepressant used in the treatment of Clinical Depression and other affective disorders. They are also sometimes used to treat Anxiety Disorder s, Obsessive-compulsive Disorder , Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and chronic Neuropathic Pain . They act upon two Neurotransmitter s in the Brain that are known to play an important part in mood, namely, Serotonin and Norepinephrine . This can be contrasted with the more widely-used Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor s (SSRIs), which act only on serotonin. MODE OF ACTION Activity on Norepinephrine reuptake is thought necessary for an antidepressant to be effective on neuropathic pain, a property shared with the older Tricyclic Antidepressants but not with the SSRIs. Depression is thought to be caused by a lack of information flow between Neuron s in certain parts of the brain. Neurons pass information to each other by means of chemicals known as neurotransmitters, which shoot across the tiny Synapse s between the cells. After firing, most of the neurotransmitter is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell in a process called Reuptake . Antidepressants work by increasing the number of neurotransmitters active in the synapse, thereby enhancing neuronal activity and increasing the responsiveness of mood. Modern antidepressants usually achieve this effect by blocking the Transporter Proteins that reabsorb certain neurotransmitters, hence the name "reuptake inhibitors". SNRIs were developed more recently than SSRIs, and there are relatively few of them. Their efficacy as well as their tolerability appears to be somewhat better than the SSRIs, owing to their compound effect. ADVERSE EFFECTS As with the SSRIs, abrupt discontinuation of SNRI-medication usually leads to a Discontinuation Syndrome which could include states of Anxiety and further symptoms. It is therefore recommended to slowly taper down the dose under the supervision of a psychopharmacologist when discontinuing SNRIs. Due to the effects on increasing Norepinephrine synaptic activity, these drugs are Contraindicated in patients with hypertension, heart disease, or risk of stroke. SNRIS CURRENTLY AVAILABLE
Please note that some of the above medications may not be considered "true" SNRIs; refer to specific peer-reviewed scientific journals for more in-depth coverage on classifications and pharmaco-kinetics. SEE ALSO
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