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Science and technology in Iran (formerly known as Persia ) has a extensive history, like the country itself. Persia was a ''Cradle of Science'' in earlier times. Persian Scientists contributed significantly to the current understanding of Nature , Medicine , Mathematics , and Philosophy . Persians founded Algebra , invented the wind-power machine, and discovered Alcohol , to name a few. SCIENCE IN PERSIA The evolution of science in Persia has two main phases, which are distinguished by the presence (or absence) of Islam in the region. Before Islam Little is known about science in Iran during ancient times. In the Sassanid period (226 to 652 AD), great attention was given to mathematics and Astronomy . The Academy Of Gondeshapur is a prominent example in this regard. Astronomical tables—such as the Shahryar Tables—date to this period, and Sassanid observatories were later imitated by the astrologers and astronomers of the Islamic period. 's southwestern entrance with a statue of Biruni , a medieval Persian astronomer.]] Sa'ad Andolsosi, in his book ''Classes of People'', highly praised the knowledge of Persians in the subjects of mathematics and astronomy. In some books written in the Pahlavi languages, one comes across many references to scientific subjects such as the divinity, natural science, mathematics, and other relevant subjects. The medical and veterinary essays, prescriptions, and expressions mentioned in ''Dinkart'' (from the Sassanid period) are very interesting. Some medical books later translated into Arabic were initially compiled in the Syrian or Pahlavi languages by Iranian scholars. Among such books are books on veterinary, agriculture, diseases and treatment of gab-birds, training and education of children, tactics of warfare, etc. In the mid-Sassanid era, an influx of knowledge came to Persia from the west in the form of views and traditions of Greece which, following the spread of Christianity , accompanied Syriac (the official language of Christians as well as the Iranian Nestorian s). The Christian schools in Iran have produced great scientists such as Nersi, Farhad, and Marabai. Also, a book is left by Paulus Persa, heads of the Iranian Department of Logic and Philosophy of Aristotle , written in Syriac and dictated to Sassanid King Anushiravan. Other great teachers have risen from similar theological and philosophical schools. Amongst them was Ibrahim Madi, Hibai the translator, Marbab Gondishapuri and Paulus son of Kaki of Karkhe. During the Sassanid period, Gondishapur (a town east of Susa , southeast of Dezful and northwest of Shushtar ) became a center of medical knowledge, and its fame lasted for several centuries, even after the advent of Islam in Persia. A fortunate incident for pre-Islamic Iranian science during the Sassanid period was the arrival of eight great scholars from Greece, who sought refuge in Persia from persecution by the Roman Emperor Justinian . These men were the followers of Neoplatonic school. King Anushiravan had many discussions with these men and especially with the man named Priscianus. A summary of these discussions was compiled in a book entitled "Solution to the Problems of Khosrow, the King of Persia," which is now in the Saint Germain Library in Paris . These discussions touched on several subjects, such as philosophy, physiology, metabolisms, and natural science as astronomy. After the establishment of Omayyad and Abbasid states, many Iranian scholars were sent to the capitals of these Islamic dynasties. Ancient technology in Persia |
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