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The Russian apartment bombings were a series of bombings in asserted that the bombings were in fact a " False Flag " attack perpetrated by the FSB in order to legitimate the resumption of military activities in Chechnya and bring Vladimir Putin and the FSB to power. THE BOMBINGS The first bombing, which did not target an Apartment , occurred in Moscow , the Russian capital, on August 31 , 1999 . A bomb exploded in a mall, killing one person and leaving 40 others wounded. A note was left saying the bombing was a result of increasing Russian Consumerism . BUYNAKSK On September 4 , 1999 , a Car Bomb detonated outside an apartment building housing Russian soldiers in the city of Buynaksk , in the province of Dagestan . Sixty-four people were killed and dozens of others were wounded. Russia blamed separatists from Chechnya , and days later invaded the province of Dagestan. MOSCOW, PECHATNIKI On September 8 , 1999 , 300 kg to 400 kg of explosives detonated on the ground floor of an Apartment Building in southeast Moscow. The nine-story building was destroyed, killing 94 people inside and wounded 150 others. A total of 108 apartments were destroyed during the bombing. A caller to a Russian news agency said the blast was a response to recent Russian bombing of Chechen and Dagestan villages in response to the invasion of Dagestan. MOSCOW, KASHIRSKOYE HIGHWAY September 13 , 1999 , was supposed to be a day of mourning for the victims of the previous bomb attacks. But on that day, a large bomb exploded at an apartment on Kashirskoye Highway in southern Moscow. The eight-story building was flattened, littering the street with debris and throwing some concrete hundreds of yards away. In all, 118 people died and 200 were wounded. It was at this time when Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin declared a war against the "illegal military units" in Chechnya. Though there was not much evidence pointing to Chechens, preparations were made by the Russian military forces to re-enter the province and to strip the Chechen government of its powers. VOLGODONSK The motive for the forceful solution was clinched when a truck bomb exploded September 16 , 1999 , outside a nine-story apartment complex in the southern Russian city of Volgodonsk , killing 17 people. In response, Russia launched air strikes on Chechen rebel positions, oil refineries, and other buildings inside that province. By the end of September it was clear another war over Chechnya was underway, and by October Russian troops had entered the province. The attacks would not be the last in Russia or Chechnya. RYAZAN INCIDENT reports on a diverted apartment bombing attack in Ryazan. 24 September 1999 . Putin would give the same explanation some time later.]] On the evening of September 22 , 1999 , an alert resident of an apartment building in the town of Ryazan noticed strangers moving heavy sugar sacks into the basement from a car. Militia (the local police) were called to the site and all residents were evacuated. The first test of the powder from the sacks showed the presence of an explosive. All roads from the town were brought under heavy surveillance but no leads were found. A telephone service employee tapped into long-distance phone conversations managed to detect a conversation in which an out-of-town person suggested to take care and to watch for patrols. That person's number was found to belong to an FSB office in Moscow. reports on an emergency readiness exercise in Ryazan. 24 September 1999 , 30 minutes after Rushailo's report.]] Federalnaya Sluzhba Bezopasnosti declared that the incident was a training exercise forty-eight hours later.Williams, Bryan Glyn (2001). The Russo-Chechen War: A Threat to Stability in the Middle East and Eurasia? . '' Middle East Policy '' 8.1. The original chemical test was declared inaccurate due to contamination of the analysis apparatus from a previous test. The public inquiry committee could not come to a complete conclusion on this and other incidents due to incoherent answers from federal bodies. The General Prosecutor's office has closed the criminal investigation of the Ryazan incident in April 2000. OFFICIAL INVESTIGATION According to the official investigation, Results of the investigation of explosions in Moscow and Volgodonsk and an incident in Ryazan . The answer of the Russian state Prosecutor office to the inquiry of and Abu Umar, Arab militants fighting in Chechnya on the side of Chechen insurgents, both of whom were later killed. The planning was carried out in Khattab's guerilla camps in Chechnya, "Caucasus" in Shatoy and "Taliban" in Avtury. This particular operation was led by an ethnic Karachay Achemez Gochiyayev. The explosives were prepared in Urus-Martan, Chechnya at the fertilizer factory by mixing Hexogen , TNT, aluminium powder and nitre with sugar. From there they have been sent to a food storage facility in Kislovodsk which was managed by an uncle of one of the terrorists, Yusuf Krymshakhalov. Another conspirator, Ruslan Magayayev, had leased a KamAZ truck which the sacks were stored in for two months. After everything was planned, the participants were organized into several groups which transported the explosives to different cities. Most of the people participating were not ethnic Chechens. According to official version, the following people either delivered explosives, stored them, or harbored other suspects: Moscow bombings
Volgodonsk bombing
Buinaksk bombing
ATTEMPTS AT INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATION The Russian Duma rejected two motions for parliamentary investigation of the Ryazan incident. Duma Rejects Move to Probe Ryazan Apartment Bomb , by Yevgenia Borisova. and two years later on 3 November 2005 died in hospital after a car accident.[http://www.newsru.com/russia/03nov2005/otto.html] THEORY OF FSB INVOLVEMENT The Ryazan incident on September 22 , 1999 prompted the initial speculation in the Western press that the Moscow bombings were organized by the FSB, the Russian domestic intelligence service, the successor of KGB. Guardian . The FSB were caught by local police and citizens in the city of Ryazan planting a bomb with a detonator in the basement of an apartment building at the address of 14/16 Novosyelov on the night of , National Review , April 30 , 2002 . In December 1999 December 2 , 2002 # 89 The first voluntary interview of Alexey Galkin, comments by journalist Roman Shleinov and conclusion of psychologist Michail Istomin Yet, Yuri Tkachenko, the explosives expert who defused the bomb insisted that it was real. Tkachenko said that the explosives, including a timer, power source, and detonator were genuine military equipment and obviously prepared by a professional. He also said that the gas analyzer that tested the vapors coming from the sacks unmistakably indicated the presence of Hexogen . Tkachenko said that it was out of the question that the analyzer could have malfunctioned, as the gas analyzer was of world class quality, costing $20,000 and was maintained by a specialist who worked according to a strict schedule, checking the analyzer after each use and making frequent prophylactic checks. Tkachenko pointed out that meticulous care in the handling of the gas analyzer was a necessity because the lives of the bomb squad's experts depended on the reliability of their equipment. The police officers who answered the original call and discovered the bomb also insisted that the incident was not an exercise and that it was obvious from its appearance that the substance in the bomb was not sugar. Alexander Litvinenko, a former FSB officer, claimed that apartment bombings were organized by and Charles Gazelle, the explosions were carried out by FSB to provide justification for the continuation of the Second Chechen War , which in turn helped Putin beat the communists in the presidential election of 2000. The movie and Litvinenko books were partially sponsored by Russian businessmen Boris Berezovsky whose impartiality in this case has been challenged in Russian media. In April 2002 on a visit to Washington, Duma member Sergei Yushenkov pointed to a mysterious remark by the Duma speaker Gennadiy Seleznyov , from which it appeared that Seleznyov had known about one of the explosions three days before the fact. HAUNTING YUSHENKOV LECTURE BROADCAST [http://www.cdi.org/russia/johnson/2006-25-32.cfm CDI] NewsRu.com: "Gennadiy Seleznyov was warned of the Volgodonsk explosion three days in advance" (in Russian) The Russian Public Prosecutor Office had replied to Yushenkov's inquiry by stating that Seleznyov was referring to an unrelated hand grenade-based explosion, which indeed happened in Volgodonsk three days earlier. Reply of the Public Prosecutor Office of the Russian Federation to a deputy inquiry A documentary "''Nedoverie''" (Disbelief Disbelief . The record in IMDB. Google Video ) about the bombing controversy by Russian director Andrei Nekrasov was premiered at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival . The film chronicles the story of Tatyana and Alyona Morozova, the two Russian-American sisters, who had lost their mother in the attack, and decided to find out who did it. ''The Moscow Times'' On . On 2002 contained an interview with unknown individual claiming to be Gochiyayev. The authors edited out the names of an FSB agent and another person from the interviewee's story. The authors asked for money in exchange for the missing details. In February 2005 Yuri Felshtinsky received an audio cassette and a written statement from an unnamed mediator without pay. The statement made by Gochiyayev or orchestrated by his kidnappers said that he was just an unknowing participant in a plot organized by an undercover FSB agent, his former acquaintance Ramazan Dyshekov. [http://www.online-translator.com/url/tran_url.asp?direction=re&autotranslate=on&transliterate=on&url=http://2005.novayagazeta.ru/nomer/2005/18n/n18n-s08.shtml computer translation This story contradicted the name of the FSB agent Vladimir Romanovich disclosed by Trepashkin one day before his arrest. [http://www.online-translator.com/url/tran_url.asp?direction=re&autotranslate=on&transliterate=on&url=http://www.mn.ru/issue.php%3F2003-44-31 computer translation Among Western scholars, the theory of FSB involvement in the bombings has been championed by .[http://yalepress.yale.edu/yupbooks/book.asp?isbn=0300098928 Yale University Press]. CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS
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