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in Saint Petersburg .]] Russian Academy of Sciences (, ''Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk'', shortened to PAH, ''RAN'') is the National Academy of Russia . This organization includes scientific institutes from all across the Russian Federation. It is an honour to be elected to membership of the Academy, and as of 2005 there are slightly less than 500 full members of the academy. During the time of the Soviet Union it was known as the '''Academy of Sciences of the USSR ''' and was the All-Union institution, rather than just of the Russian SFSR . The Academy is headquartered in Moscow . HISTORY The Academy was founded in St. Petersburg by Peter The Great , and implemented in the Senate decree of January 28 , 1724 . It was called ''St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences'' between 1724 and 1917. Those invited to work there included Mathematicians Leonhard Euler , Christian Goldbach , Georg Bernhard Bilfinger , Nicholas and Daniel Bernoulli , botanist Johann Georg Gmelin , embryologists Caspar Friedrich Wolff , Astronomer and Geographer Joseph-Nicolas Delisle , physicist Georg Wolfgang Kraft , and Historian Gerhard Friedrich Müller . Under the leadership of Princess Ekaterina Dashkova (1783-96), the Academy was engaged on compiling the huge Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language . Expeditions to explore remote parts of the country had Academy scientists as their leaders or most active participants. These included Vitus Bering 's Second Kamchatka Expedition of 1733–43, and Peter Simon Pallas 's expeditions to Siberia . In December 1917 , Sergei Fedorovich Oldenburg , a leading Ethnographer and political activist in the Kadet party met with Lenin to discuss the future of the Academy. They agreed that the expertise of the Academy would be applied to addressing questions of state construction, in return the Soviet regime would give the Academy financial and political support. By early 1918 it was agreed that the Academy would report to the Department of the Mobilsation of Scientific Forces of the People's Commissariat Of Enlightening which replaced the Provisional Governemnt's Ministry of Education. In 1925 the Soviet government recognized the Russian Academy of Sciences as the "highest all-Union scientific institution" and renamed it the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. The USSR Academy of Sciences helped to establish national Academies of Sciences in all Soviet republics (with the exception of the Russian SFSR ), in many cases delegating prominent scientists to live and work in other republics. These academies were :) :) :) :) :) :) :) :) :) :) :) :) :) :) .]] In 1934 the Academy headquarters moved from Leningrad (formerly St. Petersburg ) to the Russian capital, Moscow , together with a number of academic institutes. After the Collapse Of The Soviet Union , by decree of the President of Russia of December 2 , 1991 , the institute once again became the ''Russian Academy of Sciences'', inheriting all facilities of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the territory of Russia. STRUCTURE The RAS consist of 9 branches by scientific domain, of 3 territorial branches and of 14 regional scientific centers. The Academy has numerous councils, committees and commissions, organized for a different purposes.http://www.ras.ru/sciencestructure.aspx INSTITUTIONS The Russian Academy of Sciences includes a large number of educational and research institutions such as
Moscow Institute Of Physics And Technology does not belong to RAS (it belongs to Ministry of Education of Russian Federation), but the system of education ("Phystech System") uses many institutes of RAS (as well as many others institutions) as educational centers. Member institutions are linked by a dedicated Russian Space Science Internet (RSSI). The RSSI, starting with just 3 members, now has 3100 members, including 57 of the largest research institutions. AWARDS The Academy gives a number of different prizes, medals, and awards:
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