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]] While the exact Origins Of Chess are unclear, the modern rules of Chess first took form in Italy during the 16th Century . The rules kept being modified slightly until the early 19th Century , when they reached essentially their current form. Chess is a two-player game that is played on an 8-by-8 Chessboard , with thirty-two Pieces (sixteen for each player) of six types; each type of piece moves in a distinct way. The goal of the game is to protect the most valuable piece, the King , and trap ('' Checkmate '') the opposing king. INITIAL SETUP Chess is played on a square board that is divided into sixty-four squares (8-by-8) of alternating color, which is very similar to that used in Draughts (checkers). The chess boards used at chess tournaments have squares of approximately 50 to 65 mm (2.0 to 2.5 inches). The chess boards used at chess tournaments are usually green and Buff , which is considered "easier on the eyes" than black and white, and because it is easier to distinguish occupied and empty squares when the board colors are different from the piece colors . No matter what the true color of the board (which come in a wide variety of colors), the (thirty-two) lighter colored squares are called "white", and the (thirty-two) darker colored squares are called "black". Upon the board move sixteen "white" and sixteen "black" Pieces . The chess pieces used at chess tournaments are usually Staunton Style shapes, and (unlike the board) often are black and white. Sets used for play are commonly made of Wood or Plastic , although ornamental sets exist made of Stone , Glass , or Metal , which are often used to decorate homes. Ivory was fairly commonly used at one time. Likewise, the Chessboard s themselves can be made of Wood , Cardboard , Leather , Stone , Glass , or any other material that the design can be placed on. Chess Table s (either of wood or stone) are sometimes made with a chess board designed into the surface. Sometimes Human Chess boards are drawn on the floor or ground. Many travel boards fold into a box that the pieces fit into and some of them use magnets to hold the pieces in place.
The board is placed so that a light-colored square is in the near-right corner; a dark one in the near-left. Each player controls sixteen pieces: Note that in chess terminology, the pawn is often not called a 'piece'; with this usage, it would be said that each player has eight pieces and eight pawns. The terms 'man' or 'chessman' may be used to mean a piece ''or'' pawn. At the beginning of the game, the pieces are arranged as shown in the diagram to the right.
Popular phrases used to remember the set-up, often heard in beginner's clubs, are "queen on color" and "white on right". The latter refers to setting up the board so that the square closest to each player's right is white. To describe moves and locations on the board, either Algebraic Chess Notation or the obsolete Descriptive Chess Notation is used. GAMEPLAY Each player has control of one of the two sets of colored pieces and are typically referred to by the nominal color of their respective pieces, ''i.e.'', White or Black. White moves first and, as in most board games, the players alternate moves. Play continues until a draw is declared, a player Resigns , or a king is Checkmate d, as explained below. Unlike Go , where the order of play is determined by the relative skills and handicaps of the players, the official chess rules do not include a procedure for determining who plays White. Instead, this decision is left open to tournament-specific rules or, in the case of non-competitive play, mutual agreement, in which case some kind of random choice is often employed. Movement
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