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The term routing protocol may refer more specifically to a protocol operating at Layer 3 of the OSI Model which similarly disseminates topology information between routers.

Many routing protocols used in the public 1995


ROUTED VERSUS ROUTING PROTOCOLS

Confusion often arises between routing protocols and ''routed protocols''. While routing protocols help the router in the decision-making on which paths to send traffic, routed protocols are responsible for the actual transfer of traffic between L3 devices. Routing and Routed Protocols Specifically, a routed protocol is any , are also non-routable.

In some cases, routing protocols can themselves run over routed protocols: for example, BGP runs over TCP : care is taken in the implementation of such systems not to create a circular dependency between the routing and routed protocols. That a routing protocol runs over particular transport mechanism does not mean that the routing protocol is of layer (N+1) if the transport mechanism is of layer (N). Routing protocols, according to the OSI Routeing {Link without Title} framework, are layer management protocols for the network layer, regardless of their transport mechanism:
  • IS-IS runs over the data link layer

  • OSPF , IGRP , and EIGRP run directly over IP; OSPF and EIGRP have their own reliable transmission mechanism while IGRP assumed an unreliable transport

  • RIP runs over UDP

  • BGP runs over TCP



EXAMPLES



Ad hoc network routing protocols

Ad Hoc Network routing protocols appear in networks with no or little infrastructure.


Interior routing protocols


Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs) exchange routing information within a single 1996 can contain multiple routing domains, or a set of routing domains can be coordinated without being an Internet-participating autonomous system. Common examples include:

  • IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)

  • EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)

  • OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)

  • RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

  • IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System)


Note that IGRP, a Cisco proprietary routing protocol, is no longer supported. EIGRP accepts IGRP configuration commands, but the internals of IGRP and EIGRP are completely different.


Exterior routing protocols

Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGPs) route between separate autonomous systems. Examples include:
  • EGP (the original Exterior Gateway Protocol used to connect to the former Internet Backbone network; now obsolete)

  • BGP (Border Gateway Protocol: the current version, BGPv4, dates from around 1995)

  • CSPF (Constrained Shortest Path First)




REFERENCES