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Colloquially, however, 'round-robin' is frequently given an opposite meaning, being used to describe a letter with a single author copied and sent to multiple recipients, for example the sending of family news at Christmas. This is more correctly termed a Circular .

In Sport , round-robin refers to every player or team in a ''group'' or ''pool'' taking turns to play one another a set number of times. This may be called the ''group stage'' (or ''phase'') of a tournament, prior to the ''knock-out stage''. (See Round-robin Tournament for article).

In aviation, a round-robin flight is a cross-country flight which starts at one airport, travels to several other points for fly-over or touch-and-goes, and returns to the airport of origin. Such flights are often flown for cross-country training purposes.


ORIGIN

The modern use of the term dates from the 17th Century ) appending their names on a document in a non-hierarchical circle or ribbon pattern (and so disguising the order in which they have signed) in order that none may be identified as a Ringleader .

This practice was adopted by sailors petitioning officers in the British Royal Navy (first recorded 1731) .

The term round-robin is recorded in English much earlier, although not with the above meaning. It first appears in 1546 (with meaning unknown) and appears later applied to a category of person (precise meaning unknown):
''"These Wat Tylers and Round-Robins being driven or persuaded out of Whitehall"'' (1671).


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