Information AboutRock Art |
| CATEGORIES ABOUT ROCK ART | |
| prehistoric art | |
| art mediaprehistoric art | |
| art media | |
| prehistoric art | |
In addition, Petroforms and Inukshuk s are rock art made by aligning or piling natural stones. The stones themselves are used as large markings on the ground. TERMINOLOGY , Kazakhstan ]] The term "rock art" appears to have been used first used in about 1959: "The rock art tells us little for certain about marriage customs.",J. D. Clark, ''Prehist. S. Afr.'' ix. 248, 1959 and has also been described as "rock carvings",H. M. Chadwick, ''Origin Eng. Nation'' xii. 306, 1907: "The rock-carvings at Tegneby" "rock drawings",H. A. Winkler, ''Rock-Drawings of Southern Upper Egypt'' I. 26, 1938: "The discovery of rock-drawings showing boats of a type foreign to Egypt." "rock engravings",H. G. Wells, ''Outl. Hist.'' I. xvii. 126/1, 1920: From rock engravings we may deduce the theory that the desert was crossed from oasis to oasis. "rock inscriptions",Deutsch, ''Rem.'' 177, 1874: "The long rock-inscription of Hamamât." "rock paintings",''Encycl. Relig. & Ethics'' I. 822/2, 1908: "The rock-paintings are either stencilled or painted in outline." "rock pictures",''Man No.'' 119. 178/2, 1939: "On one of the stalactite pillars was found a big round stone with traces of red paint on its surface, as used in the rock-pictures" "rock records"G. Moore, ''The Lost Tribes and the Saxons of the East'', 1861, Title page: "with translations of Rock-Records in India." and "rock sculptures.Tylor, ''Early Hist. Man.'' v. 88, 1865 "Rock-sculptures may often be symbolic boundary marks." LOCATION Both petroglyphs and pictographs can be Parietal , meaning on the walls of a cave or rock shelter, open-air meaning they are made on exposed natural outcrops or monument-based which are made on stones consciously deposited. CREATION rock painting, World Heritage Site ]] Petroglyphs are created by rock removal, including scratching, abrading, pecking, carving, drilling, incising and sculpting. Locations of choice are rock facets coated with patina, a dark mineral accumulation on rock surfaces. Petroglyphs remove the patina, exposing the contrasting lighter rock interior. Instances of negative images, produced by removing the patina surrounding the intended figure, are also known. Sometimes petroglyphs are painted or accentuated by polishing. The degree of repatination indicates relative dating. Some of the most ancient petroglyphs are the same color as the surrounding rock. Pictography is the application of pigments. Survival of ancient paintings is attributable to use of mineral pigments, most commonly manganese, hematite, malachite, gypsum, limonite, clays and various oxides. The best preserved pictography is found under sheltering overhangs and in caves. The simplest pictographs are wet clay finger drawings and charcoal drawings. To produce crayons or paints first the minerals had to be finely ground and combined with binding materials. Crayons and animal hair brushes have been excavated in caves with paintings. Exceedingly fine lines evidence the production of excellent brushes. The most common rock art element found around the world, the human hand, exemplifies several pictography types. A technique used since the Neolithic is spraying around a hand, resulting in a negative image. The more common positive print was often made with pigment applied to the hand and transferred to the rock. GROUPINGS: MOTIFS AND PANELS in Kakadu National Park .]] Traditionally, individual markings are called Motif s and groups of motifs are known as Panel s. Sequences of panels are treated as Archaeological Site s. This method of classifying rock art however has become less popular as the structure imposed is unlikely to have had any relevance to the art's creators. Even the word 'art' carries with it many modern prejudices about the purpose of the features. Rock art can be found across a wide geographical and temporal spread of Cultures perhaps to mark territory, to record historical events or stories or to help enact Ritual s. Some art seems to depict real events whilst many other examples are apparently entirely abstract. SHAMANISM MOTIF Common features in rock art that are related to portraying ” (43). The concept of Death and Revival is often associated with shamans and the way they are portrayed. The bones were usually on the back of the shaman’s jacket or used on the breast-piece. Another important aspect used to distinguish shamans in rock art depictions is that they are wearing fringed Fabric . There are differences in the lengths of the fringe and where on the shaman the fringe is located. In the rock art, the fringe was usually long single strands attached to different parts of the shaman’s body. The Symbolism of the fringe can be interpreted in several ways. One example is, “The fringe on a shaman’s coat is an important element, which marks his or her Ornithomorphic nature (i.e. the ability to transform into a bird or to gain its abilities such as the capacity for flight)” (Devlet 44). The concept of fringe being correlated with flying was mainly used in rock art in the Altai , Tuva , and Mongolian regions. A more mainstream characteristic is the detection of the shaman’s Ritualistic Drum . Even though there are different types, shapes, and images painted on the shaman’s drum, it is clearly depicted in the rock art. The range of Decoration used on the drums varied from simplistic to innately elaborate. The resemblance is remarkably illustrated, “In the Altai Region , images depicted on historical shamanic drums demonstrate a striking similarity with what is shown on the rock engravings” (Devlet 47). SEE ALSO ]] .)]]
NOTES REFERENCES
EXTERNAL LINKS
|
|
|