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Repeating rifles were a significant advance over the preceding Breech Loaded single-shot rifles when used for military combat, as they allowed a much greater rate of fire. MANUAL MECHANISM Revolver action See Also: Revolver While some early Long Gun s were made using the Revolver mechanism popular in hand guns, these did not have longevity in the marketplace. Without special sealing details, the revolver mechanism produces a gas discharge close to the face when used in a long gun. Bolt action See Also: Bolt-action The Bolt closes the breech end of the barrel and contains the Firing Pin . The bolt is held in place with a lever that fits into a notch. Moving this lever out of the notch will release the restraint on the bolt, allowing it to be drawn back. An Extractor removes the spent cartridge, which is then ejected through the lever slot. A spring at the bottom of the Magazine pushes up the reserve rounds, positioning the topmost between the bolt and the chamber at the base of the Barrel . Pushing the bolt lever forward chambers this round and pushing the lever into the notch locks the bolt and enables the Trigger mechanism. The complete cycle action also resets the firing pin. The Mauser rifle of the late 19th and early 20th centuries is the most famous of the bolt action types, with most similar weapons derived from this pioneering design, such as the M1903 Springfield Rifle , Karabiner 98 Kurz rifle (abbreviated often as kar98k), Mosin-Nagant rifle or the British Short Magazine Lee Enfield .303 (SMLE). These guns often have a very strong pullback due to the high muzzle velocity. C lever-action carbine in .357 Magnum caliber]] Lever action See Also: Lever-action In a lever-action firearm, rounds are individually loaded into a tubular magazine parallel to and below the barrel. A short bolt is held in place with an over center toggle action. Once closed, the over center action prevents opening solely by the force on the bolt when the weapon is fired. This toggle action is operated by a hand grip that forms part of the Trigger Guard . When operated, a spring in the tubular magazine pushes a fresh round into position. Returning the operating lever to the home position chambers the round and closes the breach. An Interlock prevents firing unless the toggle is fully closed. The general operation is similar to that of the bolt action described above. The famous Winchester Rifle is exemplary of this type. There also exist lever-action rifles that feed from a box magazine, which allows them to use pointed Bullet s. Pump action See Also: Pump-action With a pump-action firearm, the action is operated by a moveable fore-end that goes backwards and forwards to eject, extract, and chamber a round of ammunition. One example of a pump-action rifle is the Remington Model 7600 series pump-action rifles and carbines AUTOMATIC MECHANISMS See Also: Self-loading rifle MAGAZINE DESIGNS See Also: Magazine (firearm) SEE ALSO
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