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The term Cooling refers generally to any natural or artificial process by which heat is dissipated. The process of artificially producing extreme cold temperatures is referred to as Cryogenics . Cold is the absence of heat, hence in order to reduce a temperature, one does not "add cold", rather one "removes heat." In order to satisfy the , Conduction , or Radiation . HISTORICAL APPLICATIONS Ice harvesting The use of lined with Straw or other insulating materials. The Persians stored ice in pits called Yakhchal s. Rationing of the ice allowed the preservation of foods over the hot periods. This practice worked well down through the centuries, with Icehouse s remaining in use into the twentieth century. During the first half of the 19th century, ice harvesting became big business in America. New England er Frederic Tudor , who became known as the "Ice King", worked on developing better Insulation products for the long distance shipment of ice, especially to the tropics. First refrigeration systems The first known method of artificial refrigeration was demonstrated by William Cullen at the University of Glasgow in Scotland in 1748. Cullen used a pump to create a partial Vacuum over a container of Ethyl Ether , which then Boiled , absorbing Heat from the surrounding air. The experiment even created a small amount of ice, but had no practical application at that time. In 1805, American inventor Oliver Evans designed but never built a refrigeration system based on the Vapor-compression Refrigeration cycle rather than chemical solutions or volatile liquids such as ethyl ether. In 1820, the British scientist Michael Faraday liquefied Ammonia and other gases by using high pressures and low temperatures. |
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