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The quiz channel genre began in Germany where 9Live (formerly tm3) claim to be the first quiz channel in the world. 9Live started broadcasting on September 1 , 2001 . The best known example in the United Kingdom is Quiz TV (2004-2006), the first to launch in that country. The major national television networks, ITV and Channel 4 Television Corporation , through Ostrich Media have launched ITV Play and Quiz Call respectively to capitalise on the phenomenon. There are a large amount of quiz channels, particularly on Satellite Television , with many clones of each other. They are most common at night, where many smaller channels close down and show the quiz channel content in return for a share of the revenue. Portugal has also a substantial amount of quiz programmes, especially in terrestrial channels (including public RTP , who should remain faithful to its public service responsibility). This kind of programmes is extremely successful in the country, mostly due to the estranged Portuguese culture, and the wish of winning money. CRITICISM These channels have received large number of complaints due to use of Premium Rate phone numbers, "impossible" questions and gambling. Often it is far from clear how it is possible to reach the suggested 'right' answer. Some people who are heavily involved in the quiz industry in the UK have complained about the standard and ambiguity of the questions used on the programme. Questions in some games, as an example, Quizmania's Tower Games are usually very easy and open ended, often with scores of possible answers, but only a handful of which win prizes. This means that the competition becomes less of a quiz and more like a game of chance. A Culture, Media and Sports select committee report suggested that the odds of a viewer getting through to the studio is up to 8,500 to one1(free subscription required) and for an ITV Play show, 400 to one.2 Some estimates suggest that phone-in quizzes generate around £50 million a year for broadcasters, making them a crucial source of income at a time of increasing pressure on advertising revenue. has criticised the participation TV shows and channels for exploiting the Poor . Ofcom is now considering a proposal to class participation TV channels in the same way as on November 28, 2006. Accessed November 29, 2006. Culture, media and sport select committee hearing On November 28, 2006, an all-party Culture, Media and Sport on November 28, 2006. Accessed December 2, 2006 The committee heard evidence from Ofcom, the Citizens Advice Bureau , television executives and individuals. Points raised included the price of calls, whether the player got through or not. Jeff Henry, a director of ITV consumer said that one in four hundred players have a chance in getting through to The Mint programme. Jeff Henry also stated that by putting up details that there is a one in four hundred chance of winning, then "it would be out of date and we would be accused of misleading you." Points also raised were the answers given for questions set, including an example from ITV Play programme Quizmania , where the obscure answers Rawlplug s and Balaclava were given for a question on the contents of a woman's Handbag , and examples of where callers were cut off from calling Quiz Call for forty minutes. The commission was also told that viewers are encouraged to call in but are not told that they only have a 0.5% chance of getting through. Shari Vahl, from BBC Radio 4 's ''You and Yours'' programme told the committee that one woman had spent £1,500 on calls and suggested that programmes get 200 calls a minute, which makes getting through to the studio a slim chance. However, producers and operators of quiz shows and channels have stated that only a small minority of people have a problem with being addicted to calling shows and channels. Report findings On January 25 2007, the select committee released its report into the participation television channel industry. The committee said that the channels should be classed as Gambling and not a Game Of Skill .3 The report made a few recommendations as to how the industry should be regulated. These include more transparency to Viewers on the odds of getting through to the studio, including a recommendation of the odds of getting through being shown through an On-screen Graphic . The report also said that questions should be verified by a third party before they can be Broadcast . BIG Game TV! for the BBC Radio 4 programme You and Yours, broadcast May 19, 2006, retrieved May 27, 2006. NTL subsequently removed the channel from their channel line-up on the 7th of June. ntl remove Big Game TV from channel line up by Cable Forum, created June 7, 2006, retrieved June 7, 2006. The City of London Police said there would be no charges brought against the channel, following its investigation.4 British Sky Broadcasting - Quiz channels move on Sky Digital EPG British Sky Broadcasting made an attempt to counter the problems somewhat by moving the EPG numbers of the channels on its Sky Digital service to the 840's section under the heading of "Gaming and Dating". Many of the quiz channels got around this by broadcasting on other channels, notably the general entertainment channels. Although British Sky Broadcasting has had quiz programming on its Sky branded channels before (for example, Sky Quiz Live on Sky One Mix ), British Sky Broadcasting has avoided placing quiz programming on any of its branded channels, stating that such a move would damage the reputation of the company. Gambling Commission Participation TV consultation By law, only charities and Camelot are allowed to run lotteries. Any prize competitions in newspapers, magazines and television shows have to be "games of skill". However, many programme makers either have a strange definition of skill, or remarkably low expectations of their viewers. In an effort to crack down on unofficial Lotteries the Government is insisting that television phone-in quizzes become harder. In August 2006, the , published August 4, 2006, retrieved August 13, 2006. Under the new Gambling Act, the Gambling Commission will have the power to prosecute broadcasters if it believes they are persistently flouting the law by running illegal lotteries. "There are already rules, but what the Gambling Act does is introduce a better definition so that the rules are enforceable", said a spokesman for the Department of Culture, Media and Sport. "At the moment the rules are not clear enough to prevent these kinds of quizzes where the questions are ridiculously easy in order to maximise the number of entrants". Broadcasters are contesting the proposals, stating that the channels are not a Lottery because they have a free web entry system in place on their websites, by law, which allow any individual to enter a competition for free. ICSTIS The United Kingdom premium phone regulator, ICSTIS has reported an increase in complaints about quiz shows and channels. A BBC News article stated that "nearly 10% of all enquiries about premium rate services received by ICSTIS between September and November last year were specifically regarding television contests". On , published October 10, 2006, retrieved October 10, 2006. On March 9, 2007 in the wake of a number of technical problems and controversies over premium rate phone-ins on television shows and quiz channels, ICSTIS warned television companies that any illegal operating would be investigated by the police.5 ICSTIS also announced measures to bring in Licensing to restore public confidence in competitions. ITV Play Criticisms about '' Quizmania '', '' The Mint and other, similar phone-in quiz shows and television channels have been levelled by various groups of people.
An article on the BBC website noted that "ICSTIS - the organisation that regulates premium rate telephone services in the UK - had acknowledged that the growth in the number of puzzle channels has been "matched by an increase in complaints about them". According to this article, "nearly 10% of all enquiries about premium rate services received by Icstis between September and November last year were specifically regarding television contests". Despite the criticisms, ''Quizmania'' became the first live and interactive quizshow to broadcast on Analogue Terrestrial Television Quiz Call See Also: Quiz Call#Controversy In a Sunday Times article published on September 24, Quiz Call admitted that it had taken calls at 75p a call without any chance of the callers getting through for a chance to win and Quiz Call apologised for using its own staff members to pose as winners. Channel 4 have since sold off Quiz Call due to increasing levels of bad reputation from the channel. In the Culture, Media and Sport committee held on November 28, 2006 representatives from Quiz Call admitted that one instance of people being put on hold did occur and that the producer responsible no longer works for Ostrich Media. Call limits Both ITV and Ostrich Media (who operate Quiz Call) have started limiting the number of phone calls a participant can make to their shows in a day. ITV only allows a participant 100 entries a day whereas when they first started this figure was 150 a day. Ostrich Media has a limit of 140 entries. The measures were put in place to safeguard players from becoming Gambling Addict s. However, this does not appear to prevent a participant from becoming addicted to gambling via these shows. Limiting a participant to 150 calls a day, at an average of 75p per call, means that they can still gamble £112.50 a day. Therefore, even with this limit in place, a participant can still make calls costing £787.50 per week - and this is only the limit per show. More importantly, these shows charge per attempted call (and it is not unusual for 30 minutes - or even an hour at times - to pass without a single call being taken), so a so-called 'participant' could make their 150 calls, without ever getting the opportunity to participate in the show. Should an individual reach the call limit, all they need do is change to another show. The measures currently in place to prevent gambling addiction are insufficient, and much stricter regulations are needed for the type of puzzles used, and for the number/frequency of calls that actually lead to participation in the show. Call Care The Mail on Sunday reported that the major broadcasters in the United Kingdom are planning to set up a telephone service called Call Care which will offer support for players and help them with enquiries regarding participation TV shows and channels. 2007 BRITISH TELEVISION PHONE-IN SCANDAL The 2007 British television phone-in scandal has involved allegations of phone-in segments of television programmes and quiz channels Conning viewers.6 '' Richard & Judy '' on Channel 4 were accused of encouraging viewers to enter the 'You Say We Pay' segment after the winner had been picked.7 The competition was indefinitely suspended soon afterwards and was later cancelled permanently. Channel 4 Racing was also affected after a software glitch allowed callers to enter a competition even though the competition had ended.8 ITV suspended all programmes involving premium rate phone ins from March 5 , 2007 including ITV Play .9 This was to allow independent Audit or Deloitte to conduct a review of programmes carried by ITV including '' Dancing On Ice '' and '' The X Factor '' which use phone-ins to generate revenue to ensure they are run fairly.10 ITV Play was taken off the air during the review, but for a few days it ran a limited after midnight service for only four hours before on March 13 , ITV announced that ITV Play had been permanently closed down.11 Five followed suit after they were alleged to have displayed the name of a fictional winner on '' BrainTeaser '' after they failed to find a genuine winner.12 Five were later fined £300,000 by Ofcom - the highest ever amount from the broadcasting watchdog. '' Saturday Kitchen '' on BBC One were accused of encouraging viewers to phone in to a pre-recorded programme.13 On March 14, 2007 the BBC children's programme '' Blue Peter '' was revealed to have used a girl who was visiting the studio to pose as a caller live on the show.14 The BBC stated that a technical error prevented 14,000 callers from getting a chance to win in the competition.15. Konnie Huq apologised over the phone-in problem on the March 14 airing of Blue Peter. On March 20, 2007 it was revealed that 11,500 votes for the ''Dancing on Ice'' final three days earlier on ITV were lost as they were not delivered to Vodafone until the following Monday morning. On 23 April 2007 , a BBC '' Panorama '' investigation disclosed that callers to GMTV's phone-in competitions may have been defrauded out of millions of pounds, because the telephone system operator, Opera Interactive Technology, had determined the winners before the phone lines had closed. GMTV responded by suspending the phone-in quizzes, but claimed that "it was confident it had not breached regulators' codes". Opera Interactive also denied any wrongdoing. "Viewers 'lose millions' to GMTV" , ''BBC News'', 23 April 2007. Accessed 2007-04-23. On 18 July 2007 , the BBC suspended all phone-in competitions indefinitely, after further revelations about faked competition winners, including incidents during the charity broadcasts Comic Relief and Children In Need . http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6904516.stm On on 26 July , 2007 . Accessed 26 July , 2007 . QUIZ CHANNELS SOUTH AMERICA Argentina
Chile
Ecuador
Mexico
Peru
NORTH AMERICA United States ''Although there are no quiz channels in the U.S., these are interactive programs similar to quiz channels:''
EUROPE Belgium
France
Germany
Italy
Poland
Portugal
Russia
Spain
United Kingdom Channels & Programmes
AFRICA Nigeria
ASIA Philippines
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