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The oldest of these texts come from the Pyramid of Unas , the last king of the 5th Dynasty. Other texts were discovered in the pyramids of the 6th Dynasty kings Pepi I , Pepi II , and Teti. There are between 714 and 759 spells, depending on how duplicate spells are counted. The main theme in the Pyramid Texts is the king's resurrection and ascension to the Afterworld. The texts were first discovered by Gaston Maspero , and translations were made by Kurth Sethe (in German ), Louis Speelers (in French ), Raymond O. Faulkner , and Samuel Alfred Browne Mercer.

Another famous example of an utterance from the Pyramid Texts is the Cannibal Hymn , in which the deceased Pharaoh hunts and devours the Gods .

In the first scene of Philip Glass 's Opera '' Akhnaten '', the phrase "Open are the double doors of the horizon" is a quotation from the Pyramid Texts. More specifically, it seems to come from Utterance 220.


SEE ALSO



REFERENCE

  • Raymond O. Faulkner, "The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts", ISBN 0-85668-297-7, 1969 . Oxford University hardcover reprint ISBN 0-19-815437-2.

  • James P. Allen, "The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts", ISBN-10: 90-04-13777-7, 2005 . Society of Biblical Literature



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