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PUREBRED DOGS In the hobby of Dog fancy, the word 'purebred' causes controversy, largely because of unresolved differences of opinion over what constitutes a Breed . Critics also point to the fact that closed registries ensure that only genetically similar dogs may be breed. Many of these organizations also permit Inbreeding which may result in many of the genetic disorders found among purebred dogs such as canine Hip Dysplasia . In general, there are two types of purebred: those 'recognized' by a Kennel Club and those of independent breed clubs. Kennel clubs usually have strict sets of criteria for the recognition of a new or existing dog breed, normally with some period of developmental or provisional status. It cannot be assumed that the date of recognition of a breed indicates how long the breed has existed as a pure breed. Independent purebreds are typically dogs of renown in their originating countries, usually with a long history of breeding true to type. They may remain independent due to any of the following reasons:
Recently, proposed Breed-specific Legislation has threatened the existence of independent dog clubs, as the fanciers of independent breeds are forced to seek alliance with kennel clubs to preserve their dogs' purebred status. The fanciers of newly developed breeds now almost always seek kennel club affiliation at the outset. BREED TRUE In the Animal Breeding , to breed true means that specimens of an animal Breed will breed true-to-type when mated like-to like; that is, that the progeny of any two individuals in the same breed will show consistent, replicable and predictable characteristics. A puppy from two purebred dogs of the same breed, for example, will exhibit the traits of its parents, and not the traits of all breeds in the subject breed's ancestry. PEDIGREE A pedigreed Animal is one that has its ancestry recorded. Often this is tracked by a major Registry . The number of generations required varies from breed to breed, but all pedigreed animals have papers from the registering body that attest to their ancestry. Sometimes purebred is used synonymously with pedigreed, but not all purebreds have their lineage recorded. Although all pedigreed animals are purebred, not all purebreds are pedigreed. PUREBRED HORSES Many of the same theories of dog breeding can also be applied to Horse s. According to the "Four Foundations" theory, the Evolution Of The Horse ultimately produced horses of four basic body types, adapted to different environments. Beginning with the Domestication Of The Horse , horses of different body types were and still are cross bred until a desired characteristic is achieved and breeds true, at which point the type is declared a breed or a purebred. Written and oral histories of various animals or pedigrees of certain types of horses have been kept throughout history, though Breed Registry stud books trace only to about the 13th Century . Certain Horse Breeds , such as the Andalusian Horse and the Arabian Horse , are claimed by afficionados of the respective breeds to be ancient, near-pure descendants from one or the other of the original four wild prototypes, though absent a full mapping of the horse genome and other DNA research, such claims are difficult to prove or disprove. SEE ALSO
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