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A puppet is any representational object manipulated or worn by a person. It is usually but not always depicting a human character and used in play or a presentation. The puppet undergoes a process of transformation through being animated, and is normally manipulated by one, or sometimes more than one, Puppeteer . Some puppets can be moved electronically. Puppets are made of a wide range of materials, depending on the effect required and the amount of usage intended, and can be extremely complex or very simple in their construction. In contemporary visual or puppet theatre, puppets are often called 'performing objects'. There are many different varieties of puppets. These will be discussed further in this article. Puppeteer David Currell states, "A puppet is not an actor and a puppet theatre is not human theatre in miniature, because when an actor 'represents', a puppet 'is'." An Introduction to Puppets and Puppetmaking by David Currell, p.6 Oscar Wilde wrote about puppetry, "There are many advantages in puppets. They never argue. They have no crude views about art. They have no private lives." http://www.marionetten.at/about_e.html Puppeteer Anita Sinclair states, "Through puppetry we accept the outrageous, the absurd or even the impossible, and will permit puppets to say and do things no human could. We allow a puppet to talk to us when no one else can get us to speak. We allow a puppet to smile at us even when we have not been introduced. We also allow a puppet to touch us when a person would lose an arm for the same offence." The Puppetry Handbook by Anita Sinclair, p.3 Indian Puppeteer Ramdas Padhye states, "A Puppet is an inanimate figure that is made to move by human effort before an audience". {cn} HISTORY OF THE PUPPET Puppetry is a very ancient form, probably first originating about 30,000 years ago Puppetry and Puppets/Eileen Blumenthal/Thames & Hudson/2005/ISBN-13 978-0-500-51226-5. Puppets have been used since the earliest times to animate and communicate the ideas and needs of human societies. Emotions in Motion by E.A. Dugan Some historians claim that they pre-date actors in theatre. There is evidence that they were used in Egypt as early as 2000 BC when string-operated figures of wood were manipulated to perform the action of kneading bread. Wire controlled, articulated puppets made of clay and ivory have also been found in Egyptian tombs. Hieroglyphs also describe 'walking statues' being used in Ancient Egyptian religious dramas. Puppetry and Puppets/Eileen Blumenthal/Thames & Hudson/2005/ISBN-13 978-0-500-51226-5. Asia Some scholars trace the origin of puppets to India 4000 years ago, where the main character in Sanskrit plays was known as ''sutradhara'' 'the holder of strings'. Emotions in Motion by E.A. Dugan China has had a flourishing history of puppetry for 2000 years ago, originally in ''pi-ying xi'', the "theatre of the lantern shadows", or, as it is more commonly known today, as Chinese Shadow Theatre . By the Song Dynasty (960-1279 CE), puppets played to all social classes including the courts, yet puppeteers (as in Europe) were considered from a lower social strata. Puppetry and Puppets/Eileen Blumenthal/Thames & Hudson/2005/ISBN-13 978-0-500-51226-5 In Taiwan , BuDaiXi puppet shows, somewhat similar to the Japanese Bunraku, occur with puppeteers manipulating in the background or underground. Some very experienced puppeteers can manipulate their puppets to perform various stunts (e.g. somersaults in the air). Japan has many forms of puppetry. Perhaps the most famous is the Bunraku . This developed out of Shinto temple rites, gradually becoming a highly sophisticated form of puppetry. By 1730 it required three puppeteers to operate each puppet in full view of the audience Puppetry and Puppets/Eileen Blumenthal/Thames & Hudson/2005/ISBN-13 978-0-500-51226-5. Originally, the puppeteers dressed all in black would become invisible when standing against a black background, while the torches illuminated only the carved wooden, beautifully painted and costumed puppets. In Korea , the tradition of puppetry is thought to have come from China. The oldest record about puppetry comes from a letter written in 982 A.D. by Choe Seung-roe to the King. A Study of the Korean Puppet Play by Choe Sang-su, p.43 In Korean, the word for puppet is "ggogdu gagsi" ibid Gagsi means a bride or a young woman, the most common model of dolls. A ggogdu gagsi puppet play has eight scenes. ibid Thailand has Hun Krabok , a rod puppet theatre which is the most popular form of puppetry. Vietnam developed the art form of Mua Roi Nuoc , a water puppetry unique to that country. The puppets are built out of wood and the shows are performed in a waist high pool. A large rod supports the puppet under the water and is used by the puppeteers to control them. The appearance is of various puppets moving over water. The origin of this form dates back seven hundred years when the rice field would flood and the villagers would entertain each other. Eventually villages would compete against each other with their puppet shows. This lead puppet societies to be secretive and exclusive, including an initiation ceremony involving drinking rooster blood. Only recently were women allowed to join the puppet troupes. India has a great tradition of puppetry.In the great Indian epic Mahabharata , there are references to puppets. The Rajasthani Katpuli from India is famous. There are many Indian ventriloquists and puppeteers. Prof Y.K. Padhye is the first Indian Ventriloquist. He introduced this form of puppetry in India in the 1920s. His son, Ramdas Padhye , popularised ventriloquism and puppetry. Satyajit Padhye , son of Ramdas, is a third generation ventriloquist who continues this form of puppetry. {cn} Indonesia has a strong tradition of puppetry. In Java , Wayang Kulit , an elaborate form of shadow puppetry is very popular. Javanese rod puppets are also particularly beautiful and have a long history. They are elaborately carved and painted and used to tell fables from Javanese history. |
Image:QueenOfTheNightjpgThe
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/Queen_of_the_Night" class="copylinks">Queen Of The Night from a production of Mozart's 'The Magic Flute' by the Salzburg Marionette Theatre, Austria |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/Edgar_Bergen" class="copylinks">Edgar Bergen and his puppet Charlie McCarthy |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/Murray_Monster" class="copylinks">Murray Monster , from Sesame Street |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/Bread_and_Puppet_Theater" class="copylinks">Bread And Puppet Theater bus on tour |
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Image:Bread And Puppet Puppets Glover VermontjpgPuppets In The
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/Bread_and_Puppet_Theater" class="copylinks">Bread And Puppet Theater Museum in Glover, Vermont, USA |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/Mallory_Lewis" class="copylinks">Mallory Lewis and Lamb Chop |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/Rod_Hull" class="copylinks">Rod Hull and Emu |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/MrSquiggle" class="copylinks">MrSquiggle , a marionette created by Australian puppeteer Norman Hetherington |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/Snuff_Puppet" class="copylinks">Snuff Puppet Skullies from Scarey |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/George_Bernard_Shaw" class="copylinks">George Bernard Shaw , writer of the puppet play, "Shakes versus Shav" |
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Image:Swanage Punch & JudyJPGBritish Traditional Hand Or Glove Puppets,
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/Punch_and_Judy" class="copylinks">Punch And Judy |
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Image:Sibiu PuppeteerjpgPreparing A Rod Puppet For A Performance Of
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/The_Brementown_Musicians" class="copylinks">The Brementown Musicians , Sibiu , Romania , 2002 |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/Dalai_Lama" class="copylinks">Dalai Lama manipulates a hand crafted marionette of himself, created by puppeteer Scott Land |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/Venezuelan_President" class="copylinks">Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez - human carnival puppet |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/President_George_W_Bush" class="copylinks">President George W Bush - human carnival puppet used in a protest |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/Satyajit_Padhye" class="copylinks">Satyajit Padhye is a 3rd Generation Ventriloquist and Puppeteer and son of Ramdas Padhye |
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