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A physicist is a particles from which all ordinary matter is made ( Particle Physics ) to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole ( Cosmology ). There are numerous Branches Of Physics and each has its corresponding specialists. EDUCATION Nearly all the material a student encounters in the undergraduate physics curriculum is based on discoveries and insights of a century or more in the past. , Classical Physics , Astronomy , physics laboratory, Electricity And Magnetism , Thermodynamics , Optics , Modern Physics , Quantum Physics , Nuclear Physics , Solid State Physics . Undergraduate physics students must also take extensive mathematics courses ( Calculus , Differential Equations , advanced Calculus ), and computer science and programming. Undergraduate physics students often perform research with faculty members. Many positions, especially in research, require a Doctoral Degree . At the Master's level and higher, students tend to specialize in a particular field. Fields of specialization include experimental and theoretical Astrophysics , Atomic Physics , Molecular Physics , Biophysics , Chemical Physics , Geophysics , Material Science , Nuclear Physics , Optics , Particle Physics , and Plasma Physics . Post-doctorate experience may be required for certain positions. EMPLOYMENT The three major employers of career physicists are academic institutions, government laboratories, and private industry, with the largest employer being the last.1 Also relevant is: 2 Many people who are trained as physicists, however, use their skills in other parts of the economy, in particular in Engineering , Computing , and Finance . Some physicists take up careers where their knowledge of physics can be combined with further training in other disciplines, such as Patent Law in industry or private practice. In the United States, a majority of those in the private sector with a physics degree work outside physics, astronomy and engineering altogether.3 HONORS AND AWARDS The highest honor awarded to physicists is the Nobel Prize In Physics , awarded since 1901 by the Royal Swedish Academy Of Sciences . SEE ALSO , One of the world's most well-known physicists]]
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