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Physical chemistry is mostly referred to as a macromolecular doctrine, as the majority of the principles on which physical chemistry was founded are composed entirely of macromolecular concepts, such as Colloids .Physical Chemistry of Macromolecules (p1 - "INTRODUCTION"), defines the formation of physical chemistry as being between macromolecules and colloids in modern physical chemistry. Also defines the "fierce battles" in the 1900s between the inclusion of colloids AS macromolecules. The relationships that physical chemistry tries to resolve include the effects of: # Intermolecular Forces on the physical properties of materials ( Plasticity , Tensile Strength , Surface Tension in Liquid s). # Reaction Kinetics on the Rate Of A Reaction . #The identity of ions on the electrical conductivity of materials. HISTORY The foundation of physical chemistry is thought to have started in 1876 by Josiah Willard Gibbs after the publishing of his paper, '' On The Equilibrium Of Heterogeneous Substances '', which contained several of the cornerstones of physical chemistry, such as Gibbs Energy , Chemical Potential s, Gibbs Phase Rule Josiah Willard Gibbs, 1876, " On The Equilibrium Of Heterogeneous Substances ", ''Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Sciences'' and subsequent naming and accredition of enthalpy to Heike Kamerlingh Onnes and to Macromolecular processes. NOTES REFERENCES # Levine, I. N. (1978). ''Physical Chemistry'' McGraw-Hill publishing ISBN 0-07-037418-X # Atkins, P. W. (1978). ''Physical Chemistry'' Oxford University Press ISBN 0-7167-3539-X # Berry, S. R., Rice, S. A, Ross, J. (2000). ''Physical Chemistry'' 2nd ed. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-510589-3 # Hunter, R. J. (1993) ''Introduction to Modern Colloid Science'' Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-855386-2 # Hiemenz, P. C., Rajagopalan, R., (1997). ''Principles of Colloid and Surface Chemistry'' Marcel Dekker Inc., New York. ISBN 0-8247-9397-8 # Moore, W.J. (1963). ''Physical Chemistry'' 4th ed. Longman publishers/London/Prentice Hall, NJ. SEE ALSO Sub-topics
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