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APPLICATIONS Petrol engines have many applications, including:
DESIGN Working cycles Petrol engines may run on the four-stroke cycle or the two-stroke cycle. For details of working cycles see: Cylinder arrangement Common cylinder arrangements are from 1 to 6 cylinders In-line or from 2 to 16 cylinders in V-formation . Alternatives include Rotary and Radial Engines the latter typically have 7 or 9 cylinders in a single ring, or 10 or 14 cylinders in two rings. Cooling Petrol engines may be Air-cooled , by fins on the cylinders, or liquid-cooled, by a Water Jacket and Radiator . The Coolant was formerly water but is now usually a mixture of water and Ethylene Glycol . This mixture has a lower freezing-point and a higher boiling-point than pure water. In addition, the cooling system is usually slightly pressurized to minimise evaporation of coolant. Compression ratio The engines running on Tractor Vaporising Oil might have compression ratios as low as 4.5:1 but modern tractors have diesel engines. Ignition main article Ignition System Petrol engines use Spark Ignition and High Voltage current for the spark may be provided by a Magneto or an Ignition Coil . In modern car engines the Ignition Timing is managed by an electronic Engine Control Unit . FUTURE Concerns about Global Warming and Air Pollution have put a question mark over the future of the petrol engine. Much has been done to improve its Fuel Efficiency and reduce emissions and this has bought it more time. In the long run it will probably be replaced by the Electric Motor in some applications but this is not likely to happen soon. SOURCES
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