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A paper plane, '''paper aeroplane''', or '''paper airplane''' is a toy Plane made out of paper. It is also sometimes called aerogami, after Origami (the Japan ese art of paper folding). In Japanese, it is called 紙飛行機 (''kami hikoki''; ''kami''=paper, ''hikoki''=airplane). It is popular due to the fact that it is one of the easiest types of origami for a novice to master. The most basic paper plane would only take at most six steps to "correctly" complete. The term "paper plane" can also refer to those made from Cardboard . HISTORY The use of paper airplanes to create Toy s, is believed to have originated 2,000 years ago in China , where Kites were a popular form of entertainment. Leonardo Da Vinci is often cited as the inventor of paper planes, although this is debatable since the Chinese invented both modern paper and the kite. However, he did make reference to building a model plane out of Parchment . Arguably the father of model gliders was George Cayley , who built hand-launched kite-like gliders made from linen in the early 1800s. Although these can be considered to be evidence for the modern paper plane, one cannot be sure where exactly the invention originated. The earliest known date of the creation of modern paper planes was said to have been in 1909 . However, the most accepted version of the creation was two decades later in 1930 by Jack Northrop (Co-founder of Lockheed Corporation ). Northrop had used paper planes as tests of ideas for flying real-life aircraft. There have been many improvements in the designs for Velocity , Lift and fashion over subsequent years. TYPES OF PAPER PLANES Traditional This type of paper plane usually takes a person seven steps (for correct procedure), but can take only five steps to complete without folding a guide to help divide a paper into two parts. A rectangular piece of paper such as A3, A4 Or Letter (preferably A4 or Letter) would be used. Instructions # The folder should leave a guide crease. This can be accomplished by laying the paper in portrait position and folding the left part of the paper over to the right so that it overlaps the other side completely. The folder should then crease the fold by running his thumb over the fold. This will make the fold permanent. # The folder then should uncrease the sides again and fold the top left corner of the page so that it touches the crease in the middle, and ''vice versa'' for the right side. # The folder should crease the paper plane back to the position where the folder had left the guide marks, then they should put wings on the paper plane, the most vital part of this procedure. # Still in portrait position the person should fold the non-pointed bit of the paper plane (the bottom part) so it creases over the guide part but inverted outwards so that the wings are not internally in the paper plane but externally. DC-03 There have been many people who have claimed to create the "World's best paper plane". One instance of this is the DC-03 model ( DC-03 Model paper plane ) featuring large gliding wings and an uncommon feature to paper planes, a tail. There is unfortunately no international paper plane federation or association to verify these claims as official or at all true. WORLD RECORD There are multiple goals for a flight:
For every goal there is a typical plane and sometimes a world record.http://www.paperplane.org There have been many attempts over the years to break the barriers of throwing a paper plane for the longest time aloft. Ken Blackburn held this Guinness World Record for 13 years ( 1983 – 1996 ) and had regained the record on October 8 1998 by keeping his paper plane aloft for 27.6 seconds (indoors). This was confirmed by Guinness officials and a CNN report . The paper plane that Blackburn used in this record breaking attempt was a "glider". AERODYNAMICS is used by Blackburn as an example of a stable plane.]] Although the DC-03 model has wings, the , and wings along the entire length, which prevents Pitch .) Independently, Edmond Hui invented a Stealth Bomber-like paper airplane called the Paperang in 1977http://paperang.com, based on hang glider aerodynamics. Uniquely, it has properly controlled airfoil sections, high aspect ratio wings, and a construction method designed to allow the builder to vary every aspect of its shape. It was the subject of a book, Amazing Paper Airplanes in 1987, and a number of newspaper articles in 1992. It is ineligible for most paper airplane competitions due to the use of a staple, but it has extremely high gliding performance exceeding glide ratios of 12 to 1 with good stability. In 1975, origami artist Michael LaFosse designed a pure origami (one sheet; no cutting, glue or staples...) flying wing, which he named the "Art Deco Wing". Though its aerodynamic form mimics some hang glider and supersonic airfoils, its invention evolved from exploring the beauty of folded paper first. Its glide ratio and stability are on a par with many of the best paper wing constructions that use glue, tape or staples. This design was first published in 1984 in the book "Wings and Things", by Stephen Weiss, St. Martin's Press. Although it is a common view that light paper planes go farther than heavy ones, this is considered to be untrue by Blackburn. Blackburn's record-breaking 20-year-old paper plane ( Instructions ) was based on his belief that the best planes had short wings and are "heavy" at the point of the launch phase in which the thrower throws the paper plane into the air, and at the same time longer wings and a "lighter" weight would allow the paper plane to have better flight times but this cannot be thrown hard with much pressure into the air as a "heavy" weighted launch phase. According to Blackburn, ''"For maximum height and for a good transition to gliding flight, the throw must be within 10 degrees of vertical"'' — which shows that a speed of at least 60 miles per hour (about 100 kilometers per hour) is the amount needed to throw the paper plane successfully. After the folding there are still gaps between different layers of folded paper (tearoff edge). These and the kinks transversal to the airflow may have a detrimental effect on aerodynamics, especially on the upper side of the wing. In some models the surfaces are not aligned to the direction of flow acting as airbrakes (notice the airbrakes of the B-2 in the picture above!). Typically the center of mass is at 1/4 and the center of area is at 1/2 of the plane lengths. Two method exist to shift the center of mass to the front. One rolls up the leading edge which then stays unswept. The other uses a swept wing or axial folding to produce something like a fuselage extending out of leading edge of the wing. If you want to make a more advanced plane, first, fold the paper in the middle. Unfold. Fold the bottom up about 1/2 an inch. Do this until the top is about 2 inches high. Turn over and turn upside-down. Make wings. Add fins. REFERENCES NOTABLE BOOKS
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