| Organic Chemical |
Article Index for Organic |
Website Links For Organic |
Information AboutOrganic Chemical |
| CATEGORIES ABOUT ORGANIC COMPOUND | |
| organic compounds | |
| organic chemistry | |
|
An organic compound is any member of a large class of Chemical Compound s whose Molecule s contain Carbon ; for historical reasons discussed below, a few types of compounds such as Carbonate s, carbon Oxide s and Cyanides , as well as Elemental carbon are considered inorganic.The study of organic compounds is termed Organic Chemistry , and since it is a vast collection of chemicals (over half of all known chemical compounds), systems have been devised to classify organic compounds. A few of the compound classes based on the Functional Group s they carry are as follows:
is the simplest possible organic compound]] Many organic compounds are also of prime importance in Biochemistry :
History The name "organic" is a Historic al name, dating back to 19th century, when it was believed that organic compounds could only be synthesised in living organisms through '' Vis Vitalis '' - the "life-force". The theory that organic compounds were fundamentally different from those that were "inorganic", that is, not synthesized through a life-force, was disproved with the synthesis of Urea , an "organic" compound by definition of its known occurrence only in the urine of living organisms, from potassium cyanate and ammonium sulfate by Friedrich Wöhler in the Wöhler Synthesis . The kinds of carbon compounds that are still traditionally considered inorganic are those that were considered inorganic before Wöhler's time; that is, those which came from "inorganic" (i.e., lifeless) sources such as minerals. Spencer L. Seager , Michael R. Slabaugh. ''Chemistry for Today: general, organic, and biochemistry''. Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2004, p. 342. ISBN 053439969X Sources Most pure organic compounds today are artificially produced, although an important subset are still extracted from natural sources because they would be far too expensive to produce artificially. Examples include most sugars, some alkaloids and terpenoids, certain nutrients such as vitamin B12, and in general, those natural products with large or stereoisometrically complicated molecules which are present in reasonable concentrations in living organisms. Number crunching The statistical analysis of chemical structures is called chemical informatics. The Beilstein Database contains a large collection of organic compounds. A Cheminformatics study involving 5.9 million substances and 6.5 million reactions showed that the organic compound universe consists of a core of around 200,000 molecules strongly connected to each other and a large periphery (3.6 million molecules) around it.''The Core and Most Useful Molecules in Organic Chemistry '' Kyle J. M. Bishop, Rafal Klajn, Bartosz A. Grzybowski Angewandte Chemie International Edition Volume 45, Issue 32 , Pages 5348 - 5354 2006 Core and periphery are surrounded by a group of non-connected small islands containing 1.2 million molecules, a model resembling the World Wide Web . More key statistics:
SEE ALSO REFERENCES |
|
|