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Although the novella is a common Literary Genre in several European Language s, it is less common in English. English-speaking readers may be most familiar with the novellas of Franz Kafka , particularly '' The Metamorphosis '' and '' In The Penal Colony '', George Orwell 's '' Animal Farm '', Ernest Hemingway 's '' The Old Man And The Sea '', Philip Roth 's '' Goodbye, Columbus '' and Joseph Conrad 's '' Heart Of Darkness ''. Like the suggests, novellas originally were news of town and country life worth repeating for amusement and edification. HISTORY As a literary Genre , the novella's origin lay in the early Renaissance literary work of the Italians and the French . Principally, by Giovanni Boccaccio ( 1313 – 1375 ), author of '' The Decameron '' ( 1353 )—one hundred novelle told by ten people, seven women and three men, fleeing the Black Death by escaping from Florence to the Fiesole hills, in 1348 ; and by the French Queen , Marguerite De Navarre ( 1492 – 1549 ), Marguerite de Valois, et. alii. , author of '' Heptaméron '' ( 1559 )—seventy-two original French tales (structured like ''The Decameron''). Her psychological acuity and didactic purpose outweigh the unfinished collection's weak literary style. Not until the late , but surprising end; ''Novellen'' tend to contain a concrete symbol, which is the Narration's steady point. NOVELLA VERSUS NOVEL In German and Dutch , the word for "novella" is ''Novelle'' (German) and ''novelle'' (Dutch), and the word for "novel" is ''Roman'' (German) and ''roman'' (Dutch). In French "novella" is ''nouvelle'' and "novel" is ''roman''. In Romanian "novella" is ''nuvelǎ'' and "novel" is ''roman''. In Swedish "short story" is ''novell'' and "novel" is ''roman''. In Danish and Norwegian "novella"/"short story" is ''novelle'' and "novel" is ''roman''. This etymological distinction avoids confusion of the literatures and the forms, with the novel being the more important, established fictional form. The Austrian writer Stefan Zweig 's ( 1881 - 1942 ) '' Die Schachnovelle '' (1942) (literally, "The Chess Novella", but translated in 1944 as ''The Royal Game'') is an example of a title naming its genre. Commonly, longer novellas are referred to as novels; '' Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde '' and '' Heart Of Darkness '' are sometimes called novels, as are many Science Fiction works such as '' The War Of The Worlds '' and '' Armageddon 2419 A.D. ''. Occasionally, longer works are referred to as novellas, with some academics positing 100,000 words as the novella‒novel threshold. Stephen King , in his introduction to '' Different Seasons '', an anthology of four of his novellas, has called the novella "an ill-defined and disreputable literary banana republic"King, Stephen. ''Different Seasons''. Viking Adult, 1982. ISBN 978-0670272662; King notes the difficulties of selling a novella in the commercial publishing world, since it does not fit the typical length requirements of either magazine or book publishers. Despite these problems, however, the novella's length provides unique advantages; in the introduction to a novella anthology titled ''Sailing to Byzantium'', Robert Silverberg writes: novella is one of the richest and most rewarding of literary forms...it allows for more extended development of theme and character than does the short story, without making the elaborate structural demands of the full-length book. Thus it provides an intense, detailed exploration of its subject, providing to some degree both the concentrated focus of the short story and the broad scope of the novel. Silverberg, Robert. ''Sailing to Byzantium''. New York: ibooks, inc., 2000. ISBN 0786199059 In his essay 'Briefly, the case for the novella,' Canadian author George Fetherling (who wrote the novella ''Tales of Two Cities'') said that to reduce the novella to nothing more than a short novel is like "saying a pony is a baby horse." Fetherling, George. ''Briefly, the case for the novella''. http://www.sevenoaksmag.com/commentary/94_comm1.html REFERENCES SEE ALSO |
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