| Non-conformists Of The 1930s |
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MAIN CURRENTS Three main currents of non-conformists may be distinguished:
These young intellectuals (most were about 25 years old) all considered that France was confronted to a ", on-line course of Sciences-Po , 18 May 2007 " and for the latter as plain materialism), they aimed at creating the conditions of a "spiritual revolution" which would simultaneously transform Man and things. They called for a "New Order," beyond individualism and Collectivism , oriented towards a " Federalist ," "communautary and personalist" organisation of social relations. The Non-Conformists were influenced both by French , underscored the importance of intermediary bodies, and opposed Finance Capitalism Jean-Louis Loubet del Bayle, A 2001 Interview (p.4) in the ''Revue Jibrile'' . The movement was close to also insisted on the latter). They were characterized by the will to find a " Third Way " between Socialism and Capitalism, individualism and collectivism, Idealism and materialism and the Left-right Distinction in politics Jean-Louis Loubet del Bayle, A 2001 Interview (p.6) in the ''Revue Jibrile'' . After the February 6, 1934 Riots organized by Far-right Leagues , the Non-Conformists split toward various directions. Bertrand De Jouvenel made the link between the Non-Conformists and the supporters of '' Planisme '', a new economical theory invented by the Belgian Henri De Man , as well as with the Technocratic '' Groupe X-Crise ''. They influenced both Vichy 's '' Révolution Nationale '' ('' Jeune France '', Ecole Des Cadres D'Uriage , etc.) and political programs of the Resistance ('' Combat '', '' Défense De La France '', OCM , etc.) In November 1941, René Vincent , in charge of Vichy Censorship services, created the journal '' Idées '' (1941-44) which gathered the Non-Conformists who supported Marshall Pétain 's regime Antoine Guyader (preface by Pascal Ory ), ''La Revue ''Idées'' — Des Non-Conformistes en Révolution Nationale'', L'Harmattan , ISBN 2296010385 . POST-WAR LEGACY After '' (CIFE) in 1954, which lives on to this day. Breaking with part of its legacy, '' Esprit '' involved itself in New Left movements and would also influence in the 1970s the " Second Left ," gathered around the Unified Socialist Party (PSU). After May '68 , some Environmentalist movements renewed with this "spirit of the 1930s" (in particular Denis De Rougemont or Jacques Ellul ). They have also influenced Christian Democracy . Abroad, the Non-Conformists found an audience in Quebec between the 1930s to the 1970s or among Eastern Europe dissidents, and would also influence Catholic circles in the second half of the 20th century. REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHY
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