Information AboutNiqqud |
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| diacritics | |
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In Hebrew Orthography , Niqqud or '''Nikkud''' () is the system of Diacritic al signs used to represent vowels or distinguish between alternative pronunciations of letters in the Hebrew Alphabet . Several orthographic systems for representing Hebrew vowels were developed in the Early Middle Ages. The most widespread system (and the only one still used to a significant degree today) was created by the Masoretes of Tiberias (see Masoretic Text , Tiberian Hebrew ) in the second half of the first millennium in the Land Of Israel . Niqqud marks are small compared to the consonants they are positioned adjacent to, and thus can be added without requiring the retranscription of texts the writers of which did not anticipate their eventual addition. Non-speakers of Hebrew give their greatest attention to vowel points (usually without using the word "niqqud") in the context of controversy over the interpretation of those written with the Tetragrammaton -- written as ְהָה in Hebrew . The interpretation affects discussion of the authentic ancient pronunciation of the name whose other conventional English forms are " Jehovah " and " Yahweh ". in blue''']] SHORT TABLE Israeli Hebrew has five vowel phonemes, /i e a o u/, but many more written symbols for them. Niqqud consists of the following vowels. Note Ⅰ: The symbol "'''O'''" represents whatever Hebrew letter is used. Note Ⅱ: The letter "''' ש '''" is used since it can only be represented by that letter.. Note Ⅲ: The dagesh, mappiq, and shuruk are different, however, they look the same and are inputted in the same manner. Note Ⅳ: The letter "''' ו '''" is used since it can only be represented by that letter. VOWEL COMPARISON TABLE LONG TABLE This table uses the consonants , or , where appropriate, to demonstrate where the niqqud is placed in relation to the consonant it is pronounced ''after''. Any other consonants shown are actually part of the vowel. Note that there is some variation among different traditions in exactly how some vowel points are pronounced. The table below shows how most Israeli s would pronounce them, but the classic Ashkenazi pronunciation, for example, differs in several respects. This demonstration is known to work in Internet Explorer and Mozilla Browsers in at least some circumstances, but in most other Windows browsers the niqqud do not properly combine with the consonants. This is because, currently, the Windows text display engine does not combine the niqqud automatically. Except as noted, the vowel pointings should appear directly beneath the consonants and the accompanying "vowel letter" consonants for the mālê (unchangeable long) forms appear after.
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