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A mountain range is a chain of Mountain s bordered by lowlands or separated from other mountain ranges by Passes or rivers. Individual mountains within the same mountain range do not necessarily have the same geology; they may be a mix of different Orogeny , for example Volcano es, uplifted mountains or Fold mountains and may, therefore, be of different rock. The Andes is the world's longest mountain range. The Himalaya contains the world's highest mountains. TECTONIC PLATE MOVEMENT A range of mountains (often elongated) may be caused by Tectonic Plate interactions. For example, the Himalaya in Asia are the result of the India n plate hitting the Eurasian plate, causing a 'crumple zone' near the line of impact. Sometimes, one Tectonic Plate can become pushed beneath another. The top plate scrapes off the material which builds up to form mountains, this happens over millions of years. Volcanoes can arise for this reason. An example is Vesuvius . VOLCANIC ACTION Singular mountains are often the result of Volcanic processes but, in some instances such as the Hawaiian Islands , these processes can result in a chain of mountains that might be considered a mountain range. EROSION Uplifted regions or volcanic caps can undergo erosion, resulting in a range of mountains. An example is the , Transportation , Deposition and Compaction . CLIMATE The position of mountains influences climate, such as rainfall. When wind moves over the sea, the warm moist air rises and cools to form orographic rainfall, while cool dry air moves over the ridge to the leeward side. Their location also affects temperature. If the sun is shining from the east, then the eastern side of the mountain will receive sunlight and warmth, while the other side will be shaded and cooled, so certain ecosystems maintain different biological clocks depending on the location of a mountain. ECOLOGY Mountain ranges can support different terrestrial , then a Coniferous Forest or Boreal Forest , then Tundra at the top. SEE ALSO |
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