| Mortality Rate |
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| epidemiology | |
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Mortality rate is a measure of the number of Death s (in general, or due to a specific cause) in some population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit time. Mortality rate is typically expressed in units of deaths per 1000 individuals per year; thus, a mortality rate of 9.5 in a population of 100,000 would mean 950 deaths per year in that entire population. It is distinct from Morbidity Rate , which refers to the number of individuals who have contracted a disease during a given time period (the incidence rate) or the number who currently have that disease (the prevalence rate), scaled to the size of the population. One distinguishes: # The crude death rate, the total number of deaths per 1000 people. # The Perinatal Mortality rate, the sum of neonatal deaths and fetal deaths (stillbirths) per 1,000 births. # The Maternal Mortality rate, the number of maternal deaths due to childbearing per 100,000 live births. # The Infant Mortality rate, the number of deaths of children less than 1 year old per thousand live births. # The Child Mortality rate, the number of deaths of children less than 5 year old per thousand live births. # The Standardised Mortality Rate (SMR) or '''age-specific mortality rate''' (ASMR) - This refers to the total number of deaths per 1000 people of a given age (e.g. 16-65 or 65+). In regard to the Success or Failure of Medical treatment or Procedures , one would also distinguish: # The early mortality rate, the total number of deaths in the early stages of an ongoing treatment, or in the period immediately following an treatment. # The late mortality rate, the total number of deaths in the late stages of an ongoing treatment, or a significant length of time after an acute treatment. Note that the crude death rate as defined above and applied to a whole population of people can give a misleading impression. For example, the number of deaths per 1000 people can be higher for developed nations than in less-developed countries, despite standards of health being better in developed countries. This is because developed countries have relatively more older people, who are more likely to die in a given year, so that the overall mortality rate can be higher even if the mortality rate at any given age is lower. A more complete picture of mortality is given by a Life Table which summarises mortality separately at each age. A life table is necessary to give a good estimate of Life Expectancy . STATISTICS The ten countries with the highest infant mortality rate are: # Angola 192.50 # Afghanistan 165.96 # Sierra Leone 145.24 # Mozambique 137.08 # Liberia 130.51 # Niger 122.66 # Somalia 118.52 # Mali 117.99 # Tajikistan 112.10 # Guinea-Bissau 108.72 According to the World Health Organisation , the 10 leading causes of death in 2002 were: # 12.6% Ischaemic heart disease # 9.7% Cerebrovascular disease # 6.8% Lower respiratory infections # 4.9% HIV/AIDS # 4.8% Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease # 3.2% Diarrhoeal diseases # 2.7% Tuberculosis # 2.2% Malaria # 2.2% Trachea/bronchus/lung cancers # 2.1% Road traffic accidents Causes of death vary greatly between developed and developing countries. See List Of Causes Of Death By Rate for worldwide statistics. FACTORS AFFECTING A COUNTRY'S DEATH RATE
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