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Many types of mobile computers have been introduced since the 1990s , including the:



HISTORY OF MOBILE DEVICES

Originally, electronic devices such as radio transmitters, wireless communications systems, and the like, were base stations, operated at fixed locations, typically with large antenna towers.
Widespread use of automobiles gave rise to smaller devices operating at 6 volts. In the 1950s, the transition to 12 volt automotive electrical systems gave rise to a large number of 12 volt devices, such as two-way radios, referred to as Mobile Rig s. A large industry, with companies such as Motorola sprung up to support the growing need for mobile devices, such as taxicab radios, police radios, and other 12 volt underdash equipment, as well as trunk mount systems. Today there are a wide variety of mobile computing platforms, including dash-mount VGA displays, and computers that can provide GPS and other navigation functions for automobile users.


MOBILE COMPUTING: IN-VEHICLE COMPUTING AND FLEET COMPUTING

Many commercial field forces deploy a ruggedized portable computer such as the Panasonic Toughbook 29 with their fleet of vehicles. This requires the units to be anchored to the vehicle for driver safety, device security, and user Ergonomics . The rugged laptops are rated for severe vibration associated with large service vehicles and off-road driving, and harsh environmental conditions of constant professional use such as in EMS , fire and public safety.

Other elements that enables the unit to function in vehicle:
  • Operating Temperature: A vehicle cabin can often experience temperature swings from -20F to +140F. Computers typically must be able to withstand these temperatures while operating. Typical fan based cooling has stated limits of 95F-100F of ambient temperature, and temperature below freezing require localized heaters to bring components up to operating temperature(based on independent studies by the SRI Group and by Panasonic Toughbook R&D).

  • Vibration: Vehicles typically have considerable vibration that can decrease life expectancy of computer components, notably rotational Hard Drives .

  • Daylight, or sunlight readability: Visibility of standard screen becomes an issue in bright sunlight.

  • Touchscreens: These enable users to easily interact with the units in the field without removing gloves.

  • High-Temperature Battery Settings:. Lithium Ion batteries are sensitive to high temperature conditions for charging. A computer designed for the mobile environment should be designed with a high-temperature charging function that limits the charge to 85% or less of capacity.

  • External wireless Connections, and External GPS Antenna Connections: Necessary to contend with the typical metal cabins of vehicles and their impact on wireless reception.


Several specialized manufacturers such as Gamber Johnson and LedCo build mounts for vehicle mounting of computer equipment for specific vehicles. The mounts are built to withstand the harsh conditions and maintain ergonomics.

Specialized installation companies such as TouchStar Pacific specialize in architecting the mount design, assembling the proper parts, and installing them in a safe and consistent manner away from Airbags , vehicle HVAC controls, and driver controls. Frequently installations will include a WAN modem, power conditioning equipment, and a WAN, WLAN, and GPS antenna mounted external to the vehicle.


SEE ALSO

Related concepts also include: