- Medic Wars
- ---Hellenic League - Athens , Lacedemonia , Macedon , others
- Peloponnesian War
- --- League Of Delos - Athens , Chios , Samos , Lesbos , others
- --- Peloponnesian League - Lacedemonia , Corinth , Elis , others
- Wars Of Scottish Independence
- --- Auld Alliance - Scotland , Norway , France
- Italian Wars
- --- League Of Cambrai - The Papal States , France , Aragon , Holy Roman Empire
- --- Catholic League (Italian) - The Papal States , Venice , England , Aragon , Holy Roman Empire
- Schmalkaldic War
- --- Schmalkaldic League - German Protestant States
- Anglo-Portuguese Alliance - England (succeeded by the United Kingdom ) and Portugal , since 1373
- Luso-Islamic War
- --- Ethio-Portuguese Treaties - Portugal , Ethiopia
- Thirty Years' War
- --- Catholic League (German) - Bavaria , other Catholic German States
- --- Protestant Union - Protestant German States
- War Of The Grand Alliance (Nine Years War)
- --- League Of Augsburg - The Netherlands , Holy Roman Empire , Spain , Austria , other German states
- War Of The Spanish Succession
- --- The Quadruple Alliance Of 1718
- Napoleonic Wars
- --- The Quadruple Alliance Of 1814/15
- --- First through Seventh Coalitions
- The Quadruple Alliance Of 1834
- World War I
- --- The Entente and the Allies - United Kingdom , France , Russia (to 1917 ), United States (from 1917 )
- --- The Central Powers - Germany , Austria-Hungary , Ottoman Empire , Bulgaria
- World War II
- --- The Axis - Germany , Japan , Italy , many others.
- --- The Allies - United Kingdom , France , Soviet Union , United States , Canada , Poland , Republic Of China , many others.
- Cold War
- --- Western European Union (WEU) - currently in process of merging into CFSP and ESDP (see below)
- --- North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) -- United States, Canada, most of Western Europe (''still an active alliance'')
- --- Warsaw Pact - Soviet Union, East Germany , Hungary , Poland , Czechoslovakia , Romania , Bulgaria
- --- SEATO - United States, United Kingdom, France, Australia , New Zealand , Pakistan , Thailand , Philippines
- --- CENTO - United States, United Kingdom, Turkey , Iran , Iraq , Pakistan
- --- ANZUS - United States, Australia, New Zealand (''still an active alliance'')
- --- Five Powers Pact - Australia, Malaysia , New Zealand, Singapore , United Kingdom (''still an active alliance'')
- North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) - United States , United Kingdom , Canada , most of Western Europe and Central Europe , parts of Eastern Europe , and Turkey .
- Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) - Russia , Belarus , Armenia , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan , Uzbekistan .
- Common Foreign And Security Policy (CFSP) and European Security And Defence Policy (ESDP) of the European Union .
- Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA) - Australia , New Zealand , Malaysia , Singapore , United Kingdom .
- ANZUS Treaty (ANZUS) - United States , Australia , New Zealand .
- ECOMOG of Economic Community Of West African States .
- Council For Peace And Security In Central Africa (COPAX) of ECCAS .
- North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) - United States and Canada . NORAD and other defense agreements (such as the Permanent Joint Board on Defense) form the most extensive defense alliance in the world.
- Inter-American Treaty Of Reciprocal Assistance (Rio Pact) - All the countries of the Americas
- Regional Security System (RSS) - several Eastern Caribbean countries.
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