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s and Power Plant s...]] s and Vehicle s of all sizes...]] s, Machine s, and Robot s.]] DEVELOPMENT Mechanical engineering could be found in many ancient and medieval societies, found throughout the globe. In Ancient Greece , there were brilliant mechanical engineers such as Archimedes ( 287 BC - 212 BC ), as well as Heron Of Alexandria ( 10 - 70 AD). The mechanical works of the latter two deeply influenced mechanics in the Western tradition, although there were many others who contributed to early mechanical science. In Ancient China , there were also many notable figures, such as Zhang Heng ( 78 - 139 AD) and Ma Jun ( 200 - 265 AD). The medieval Chinese horologist and engineer Su Song ( 1020 - 1101 AD) incorporated an Escapement mechanism into his Astronomical Clock Tower two centuries before any escapement could be found in clocks of medieval Europe, as well as the world's first known endless power-transmitting Chain Drive . Before the Industrial Revolution , most engineering was restricted to military and civil uses. Engineers in the military, though not always referred to as such, designed fortification systems and various war machines. Civil engineers were responsible primarily for building and ground structures. During the early 19th century in Britain mechanical engineering developed as a separate field to provide manufacturing machines and the engines to power them. The first British professional society of civil engineers was formed in 1818; that for mechanical engineers followed in 1847. In the United States , the first mechanical engineering professional society was formed in 1880, making it the third oldest type of engineering behind civil (1852) and mining & metallurgical (1871). "The first schools in the United States to offer an engineering education were the United States Military Academy in 1817, an institution now known as Norwich University in 1819, and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1825 . An engineering education is based on a strong foundation in mathematics and science; this is followed by courses emphasizing the application of this knowledge to a specific field and studies in the social sciences and humanities to give the engineer a broader education. EDUCATION Bachelor of Science (BS) degree in Mechanical Engineering is offered at many universities in the United States, and similar programs are offered at universities in most Industrialized nations. In the U.S., Japan, Germany, Canada, Taiwan, South Korea, South Africa and many others, Mechanical Engineering programs typically take 4 to 5 years and result in a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering (BSc) or in a Bachelor of Technology (BTech), but some countries like Singapore, Malaysia, and Nigeria offer a 4 year Bachelor of Science (BSc) / Bachelor of Engineering (BEng) degree with Honors (Hons) in Mechanical Engineering. In Australia and New Zealand, requirements are typically a 4 years Bachelor of Engineering (BE or BEng) degree, equivalent to the British MEng level. A BEng degree differ from a BSc degree in that the students obtain a broader education consisting of information relevant to various engineering disciplines. Most Mechanical Engineering programs in the U.S. are , 2006 . ABET searchable database of accredited engineering programs , Accessed ''June 19, 2006'' Mechanical Engineering programs in Canada are accredited by the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board (CEAB). Accredited engineering programs in Canada by the Canadian Council of Professional Engineers , Accessed ''April 18, 2007''. The Engineering Pathway works with ABET to maintain a community page of resources to support Mechanical Engineering Education . Some Mechanical Engineers go on to pursue a postgraduate degree such as a Master Of Engineering , Master Of Science , Master Of Engineering Management (MEng.Mgt, MEM), a Doctor Of Philosophy in Engineering (DEng, PhD) or an Engineer's Degree . The Master's and Engineer's degrees may consist of either Research , Coursework or a mixture of the two. The Doctor Of Philosophy consists of a significant research component and is often viewed as the entry point to Academia . Types of post-graduate degrees offered at MIT - Accessed ''19 June 2006'' Mechanical engineering coursework Mechanical engineering programs generally cover the same fundamental subjects. Universities in the United States offering Accredited programs in mechanical engineering are required to offer several major subjects of study, as determined by ABET . This is to ensure a minimum level of competence among graduating engineers and to inspire confidence in the engineering profession as a whole. The specific courses required to graduate, however, may differ from program to program. Universities will often combine multiple subjects into a single class or split a subject into multiple classes, depending on the faculty available and the University's major area(s) of research. Fundamental subjects of mechanical engineering include:
Mechanical engineers are also expected to understand and be able to apply basic concepts from chemistry, Chemical Engineering , Electrical Engineering , Civil Engineering , and physics. Most mechanical engineering programs include several semesters of Calculus , as well as advanced mathematical concepts which may include Differential Equations and Partial Differential Equations , Linear and Modern Algebra , and Differential Geometry , among others. In addition to the core mechanical engineering curriculum, many mechanical engineering programs offer more specialized programs and classes, such as Mechatronics / Robotics , Transport and Logistics , Cryogenics , Fuel technology, Automotive Engineering , Biomechanics , Vibration , Optics and others, if a separate department does not exist for these subjects. MIT Engineering Electives - Accessed ''19 June 2006'' Most mechanical engineering programs also require varying amounts of research or community projects to gain practical problem-solving experience. Mechanical engineering students usually hold one or more Internship s while studying, though this is not typically mandated by the university. License After being awarded a degree, Engineers may seek License by a state or national government. The purpose of this process is to ensure that engineers possess the necessary technical knowledge and real-world experience to engineer safely. Once certified, the engineer is given the title of ''Professional Engineer'' (in the United States, Canada, Japan, South Korea and South Africa), ''Chartered Engineer'' (in the UK, Ireland, India and Zimbabwe), ''Chartered Professional Engineer'' (in Australia and New Zealand) or ''European Engineer'' (much of the European Union). Not all mechanical engineers choose to become licensed; those that do can be distinguished as Chartered/Professional Engineers by the Post-nominal Title PE or '''CEng''', as in: Ryan Jones, PE. In the U.S., to become a licensed Professional Engineer, an Engineer must
In the United States, the requirements and steps of this process are set forth by the National Council Of Examiners For Engineering And Surveying (NCEES), website , a national non-profit representing all states. In the UK, current graduates require a MSc, MEng or BEng (Hons) in order to become chartered through the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. "In most modern countries, certain engineering tasks, such as the design of bridges, electric power plants, and chemical plants, must be approved by a Professional Engineer or a Chartered Engineer ." Engineering article on Wikipedia In the USA and Canada, only a licensed engineer may seal engineering work for public and private clients.".1 This requirement is written into state and provincial legislation, such as Quebec's Engineer Act.2 In other countries, such as Australia, no such legislation exists; however, practically all certifying bodies maintain a Code Of Ethics independent of legislation that they expect all members to abide by or risk expulsion.3 |
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