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Martial arts are systems of codified practices and traditions of training for Combat . They may be studied for various reasons including combat skills, Fitness , Self-defense , Sport , self-cultivation/ Meditation , Mental discipline, Character Development and building Self-confidence , or any combination of the above. There is a great diversity and abundance of martial arts but, broadly speaking, martial arts share a common goal: to defeat a person physically or to defend oneself from physical threat. In some martial arts there is also a sense of spirituality. While each style has unique facets that makes it different from other martial arts common characteristic of martial arts is the systemization of fighting techniques. One common method of training, particularly in the Asian martial arts, is the ''form'' or '' Kata ''; these are sets or routines of techniques that are performed alone, or sometimes with a partner. Samples of forms from different arts The word 'martial' derives from the name of Mars , the Roman god of war. A practitioner of martial arts is referred to as a ''martial artist''. Scope Martial arts vary widely, and may focus on Strikes , Grappling , or weapons training. Below is a list of examples that make extensive use of these areas; it is not an exhaustive list of arts, nor are these necessarily the only areas covered by the art: , are more Syncretic .]] Striking
Grappling
Weaponry
Many martial arts, especially those from Asia, also teach side disciplines which pertain to medicinal practices. This is particularly prevalent in traditional Chinese Martial Arts which may teach Bone-setting , Qigong , Acupuncture , Acupressure ( Tui Na ), and other aspects of Traditional Chinese Medicine . Internal Kung Fu The martial arts, though commonly associated with East Asia n cultures, are by no means unique to this region. Throughout Europe there was an extensive system of combat martial arts, commonly referred to as Historical European Martial Arts , that existed until modern times and is now being reconstructed by numerous organizations. Native Americans have a tradition of open-handed martial arts that includes wrestling. Hawaiians have historically practiced arts featuring small and large joint manipulation. Savate is a French kicking style developed by sailors and street fighters. Capoeira's athletic movements were created in Brazil by slaves based on skills brought with them from Africa . Many martial arts also strive to teach Moral Value s and provide guidance for children who join the ranks of those learning the art. Many arts require those who achieve black belt or the equivalent to take an oath restricting the use of their knowledge. Martial artists may also receive specific instruction in mental and emotional discipline. HISTORY The history of martial arts around the world is complex. Most groups of people have had to physically defend themselves at some time and have developed fighting techniques for that purpose. Development of many martial arts was related to military development, but many of those techniques have been rendered technologically obsolete over the centuries. In the modern day, most populations would be more likely to face adversaries wielding firearms than Melee Weapons during battle. Furthermore, the preservation of a martial art requires many years of teaching at the hands of a good instructor to pass on the art for a single generation. Given these circumstances, many martial arts from previous eras have not been passed down to following generations. Small sample of histories In Asia Early history monks practicing the art of Self Defense .]] The teaching of martial arts in '' (師傅) in Cantonese ; ''Shih fu'' (師父) (Wade-Giles), ''Shī fù'' (Pinyin) (lit., master-father) in Mandarin ; '' Guru '' in Sanskrit , Hindi , Telugu and Malay ; '' Sensei '' (先生) in Japanese ; ''Sa Bum Nim'' (사범님) in Korean ; ''Kalari Gurukkal'' or ''kalari asaan'' in Malayalam ; ''Asaan'' in Tamil ; ''Achan'' in Thai ;and ''Guro'' in Tagalog . The instructor is expected to directly supervise their students' training, and the students are expected to memorize and recite as closely as possible the rules and basic training routines of the school. In the warrior Kshatriya Caste of South Asia , organised martial traditions were studied as a part of the '' Dharma '' (duty) of the caste. The senior teachers were called ''Gurus'' and taught martial arts at Gurukul s to the '' Shishya s'' (students). Some method of certification can be involved, where one's skills would be tested for mastery before being allowed to study further; in some systems, there may not be any such certifications, only years of close personal practice and evaluation under a master, much like an apprenticeship, until the master deems one's skills satisfactory. This Pedagogy , while still preserved and respected in many traditional styles, has weakened to varying degrees in others and is even actively rejected by some schools, especially in the West. |
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