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Manufacturing takes place under all types of Economic System . In a capitalist economy, manufacturing is usually directed toward the mass production of Products for sale to Consumer s at a profit. In a collectivist economy, manufacturing is more frequently directed by a state agency to supply perceived needs. In modern economies, manufacturing occurs under some degree of government Regulation .

Modern manufacturing includes all intermediate processes required for the production and integration of a product's components. Some industries, such as Semiconductor and Steel manufacturers use the term Fabrication instead. The manufacturing sector is closely connected with Engineering and Industrial Design . Examples of major manufacturers in the United States include General Motors Corporation , Ford Motor Company , Chrysler , Boeing , Gates Rubber Company and Pfizer . Examples in Europe include France's Airbus and Michelin Tire. Modern proponents of Fair Trade policy and a strong manufacturing base for the U.S. Economy include economists Paul Craig Roberts and Ravi Batra , and commentator Lou Dobbs .


CONTEXT



HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

  • In its earliest form, manufacturing was usually carried out by a single skilled Artisan with assistants. Training was by Apprenticeship . In much of the pre-industrial world the Guild system protected the privileges and trade secrets of urban artisans.

  • Before the Industrial Revolution , most manufacturing occurred in rural areas, where household-based manufacturing served as a supplemental subsistence strategy to Agriculture (and continues to do so in places). Entrepreneurs organized a number of manufacturing households into a single enterprise through the Putting-out System .

  • The beginnings of modern industrial manufacturing are covered in the Industrial Revolution article.

  • The development of the modern manufacturing facility is covered in the Factory article.

  • The development of the applied science behind manufacturing is covered in the Industrial Process article.



Manufacturing systems: The changing methods of manufacturing



ECONOMICS OF MANUFACTURING