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In the ( Interexchange Carrier , or IXCs) and local (local exchange carrier, or LECs). This structure is a result of 1984 Divestiture of then regulated Monopoly carrier AT&T (American Telephone and Telegraph). Local telephone companies at the time of the divestiture are also known as Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier s (ILEC). The divestiture created local exchange carriers for the management of local telephone lines and switches, and provisioning of local phone services within their business area, as well as the long-distance calls originating or terminating in their business area. The vast majority of the United States are served by LECs called Baby Bell s, or RBOC s (Regional Bell Operating Companies). The rest of the United States, most commonly in rural or outlying suburban areas, are served by independent LECs, known in the industry simply as the "independents." Although independents typically serve these areas, RBOC LECs still have vast territories of low population density regions of the country. Therefore independents generally exist as pockets of territory within a greater RBOC region. Popular independents are Embarq , Frontier Telephone , and Windstream Communications. Local phone calls are defined as calls originating and terminating within a Local Access And Transport Area (LATA) which is defined by the Federal Communications Commission . All the Baby Bells, as well as other LECs, typically operate businesses in more than one LATA. Yet their services of local telephone calls are still defined by LATA boundaries, not their business areas. RESIDENTIAL LOCAL EXCHANGE SERVICES The following information applied to residential Local Telephone Service in the Detroit, Michigan area during the 1970s and 1980s. Much about this subject has changed dramatically since that time, and continues to do so. |
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