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s wear white hart ( Deer ) badges, with the personal livery of King Richard II Of England , who commissioned this, the Wilton diptych, about 1400]]

A livery is a Uniform or other sign worn in a non-military context on a person or object (such as an Airplane or Vehicle ) to denote a relationship with a person or corporate body, often by using elements of the Heraldry relating to that person or body, or a personal Emblem , and normally given by them. It derives from the French ''livrée'', meaning ''delivered''. Most often it would indicate that the person was a servant, dependent, follower or friend or the owner of the livery, or, for objects, that the object belonged to them.


ETYMOLOGY

In the 1300s, "livery" referred to an allowance of any kind (for instance the city of Exeter in Devon , England has a street called ''"Livery Dole"'' after the ''Livery Dole Almshouse s and Chapel'', founded in March 1591), but especially clothes ''delivered'' to servants and members of the household. Such things might be kept in a " Livery Cupboard ."

The term is also used to describe badges to sew onto their clothes.Jonathan Alexander & Paul Binski (eds), ''Age of Chivalry, Art in Plantagenet England, 1200-1400'', Royal Academy/Weidenfeld & Nicholson, London 1987, Cat 448 In the 15th century European royalty sometimes distributed uniform suits of clothes to courtiers, as the House of Fugger , the leading bankers, did to all employees. Georges Duby ed.,''A History of Private Life, Vol 2 Revelations of the Medieval World'', 1988 (English translation), p.578, Belknap Press, Harvard U

The sense later contracted to servants' rations and distinctive standardized outfits, often in a colour-scheme distinctive to the family, like the Coat s worn by Footmen in Grand Houses until World War I , and to Provender for Horses , from which we have inherited " Livery Stable " (1705) {Link without Title} .


MODERN USAGE

From this core meaning, multiple extended or specialist meanings have derived. Examples include:
  • A Livery Company is the name used for a Guild in the City Of London ; members of the company were allowed to dress their servants in the distinctive uniform of their trade, and the company's charters enabled them to prevent others from embarking upon the trades within the company's jurisdiction.

  • Following on from the decoration of horse-drawn Carriage s, a livery is the common Design and Paint scheme a company will use on its Vehicle s, often using specific Color s and Logo placement. In this sense, the term is applied to Railway Locomotive s and Rolling Stock , Ship s, Aircraft , and Road Vehicle s. For example, United Parcel Service has Truck s with a well-known Brown livery. Another example is the British Airways Ethnic Liveries . The term has become extended to the logos, colors and other distinctive styles of companies in general. See also Trade Dress .

  • A livery is the specific paint scheme and sticker design used in motorsport, on vehicles, in order to attract sponsorship and to advertise sponsors.

  • A "livery vehicle" remains a legalism in the U.S. for a vehicle for hire, such as a Taxicab or chauffered Limousine , but excluding a rented vehicle driven by the renter. In some jurisdictions a "livery vehicle" covers vehicles that carry up to seven passengers, but not more, thus including a Jitney but excluding an Omnibus or Motorcoach . This usage stems from the Hackney cabs or coaches that could be provided by a Livery Stable . By extension, Canada has many businesses offering Canoe Livery .


The term is now rarely if ever applied in a military context, so it would be unusual for "livery" to refer to a Military Uniform or the painting of a military vehicle. Early uniforms were however regarded as a form of livery ("the King's coat") in the late 17th and early 18th centuries.


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