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A kettle (or '''kettle hole''') is a .Tarbuck, E and Lutgens, F:Earth, page 351. Prentice Hall, 2002 Kettle holes can also form as the result of Flood s caused by the sudden drainage of an ice-dammed lake. These floods, called Jokulhlaup s, often rapidly deposit large quantities of sediment onto the sandur surface. The kettle holes are formed by the melting blocks of sediment rich ice that were transported and consequently buried by the Jokulhlaups. It was found in field observations and laboratory simulations done by Maizels in 1992 that ramparts form around the edge of kettle holes that are generated by Jokulhlaups. The development of distinct types of ramparts depend on the concentration of rock fragments contained in the melted ice block and how deep the block was buried by sediment. Bennett, M and Glasser, N:Glacial Geology: Ice Shetts and Landforms, page 267. John Wiley and Sons, 1997 Most kettle holes are no larger than 2 kilometers in diameter, although select kettles in the midwest of the . Kettle bogs are closed systems because they have no water source other than precipitation. Both acidic kettle bogs and fresh water kettles are important ecological niches for some symbiotic species of flora and fauna {Link without Title} . hiking area, Suomussalmi, Finland.]] The Kettle Moraine is a region of Wisconsin , covering an area from Green Bay to south-central Wisconsin, and has numerous kettles, Moraine s and other glacial features. It has many kettle lakes, some of which are 100 to 200 feet deep. Kettle Point, Ontario , a First Nation community on Lake Huron in Ontario , Canada has many examples of kettles, hence the name. Pothole lakes dot the landscape of the Northern Hemisphere in the American and Canadian prairies, the Russian Steppe s, and throughout northern Siberia . Some of these lakes are far from agricultural land and settled areas, so they have fairly clear and unpolluted waters. Scientists use Satellite Image s of these glacial kettle lakes to measure water clarity and to make environmental assessments. Scientists also monitor these lakes to study climate change. Researchers reported in '' Science '' that over the past 30 years, some glacial kettle lakes in northern Siberia have drained as the region has warmed and the Permafrost beneath the lakes has "cracked," allowing lake water to drain out. EXAMPLES OF KETTLE LAKES
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