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Davide Fore demonstrates the 2007 KF1]] chassis and KF1 at the Paul Ricard in Feb. 2007]] Kart racing or '''Karting''' is a variant of Open-wheeler Motor Sport with simple, small four-wheeled vehicles called '''karts''', '''go-karts''', or '''gearbox/shifter karts''' depending on the design. They are usually raced on scaled-down Circuits . Karting is commonly perceived as the stepping stone to the higher and more expensive ranks of motorsports. Karts vary in speed and some ( Superkart ) can reach speeds exceeding 160 mph (250 km/h). A Formula A kart, with a 100 cc 2 Stroke Engine and an overall weight including the driver of 150 kilograms, can accelerate from 0-60 mph in under 4.5 seconds, and has a top speed of 85 mph (140 km/h). It takes a little more than 3 seconds to go from 0 to 60 mph with a 125 cc shifter kart (6 gears), with a top speed of 115 mph (185 km/h) on long circuits. HISTORY . COMPONENTS Chassis The Chassis are made of steel tube. There is no Suspension therefore chassis have to be flexible enough to work as a suspension and stiff enough not to break or give way on a turn. Kart chassis are classified in the USA as 'Open', 'Caged', 'Straight' or 'Offset'. All CIK-FIA approved chassis are 'Straight' and 'Open'.
The stiffness of the chassis enables different handling characteristics for different circumstances. Typically, for dry conditions a stiffer chassis is preferable, while in wet or other poor traction conditions, a more flexible chassis may work better. Best chassis allow for stiffening bars at the rear, front and side to be added or removed according to race conditions. Braking is achieved by a Disc Brake mounted on the rear axle. Front disc brakes are increasingly popular; however, certain classes do not allow them. Professionally raced karts typically weigh 165 to 175 lb (75 to 80 kg), complete without driver. , Trackmagic , Shockwave Karting and Margay . Australia produce the Arrow brand. Engines Racing karts use small 2-stroke or 4-stroke Engines , there is also a kart Wankel Engine .
Listen to 2-stroke kart engines - recorded at the 2006 World Championship in Angerville - France Transmission Karts do not have a Differential . The lack of a differential means that one rear tire must slide while cornering; this is achieved by designing the chassis so that the inside rear tire lifts up slightly when the kart turns the corner. This allows the tire to lose some of its grip and slide or lift off the ground completely. Power is transmitted from the engine to the rear axle by way of a chain. Both engine and axle Sprockets are removable, their ratio has to be adapted according to track configuration in order to get the most of the engine. In the early days, karts were direct drive only, but the inconvenience of that setup soon led to the centrifugal Clutch for the club level classes. Dry Centrifugal Clutches are now used in many categories ( Rotax Max is one example) and have become the norm as the top international classes have switched to 125 cc clutched engines as of January 2007. Tires (tyres) Wheels and Tire s are much smaller than those used on a normal car. Wheels are made of Magnesium alloy or Aluminum . Similar to other motorsports, kart tires have different types for use appropriate to track conditions:
Tires are sometimes prepared with special Solvents to soften them and increase grip, however this is banned by many racing organizations. These solvents typically affect the behavior of the tire temporarily and are most often destructive to the Rubber . The tires can support cornering forces in excess of 2 G (20 m/s&2), depending on chassis, engine, and motor Setup . RACING Kart racing is generally accepted as the most economic form of Motorsport available. As a free-time activity, it can be performed by almost anybody, and as a Motorsport in itself, it is one of the sports regulated by FIA (under the guise of CIK ), permitting licensed racing for anyone from the age of 8 onward. In the USA there is not as much FIA involvement, instead many organizations regulate racing, such as the IKF ( International Kart Federation ), WKA ( World Karting Association ), IRA ( International Racing Association ), and KART ( Karter's Of America Racing Triad ). In the UK the MSA ( Motor Sports Association ) regulate Karting. Some associations, such as NatSKA (National Schools Karting Association), organize race meetings throughout the country under the authority of the MSA. A variety of Kart Circuits permit the sport to be practiced, although only Homologated tracks can have official races in Europe (see Kart Circuits ). Racing classes start at age 7 or 8 (5 in the US with "Kid Karts") and generally run in 3-year age groupings or weight divisions until “senior” status is reached at age 15 or 16, depending on the series. Racing Formats Typically, race formats are one of the following: Sprint Sprint racing takes place on dedicated kart circuits resembling small road courses, with left and right turns. Tracks go from 1/4 mile (400 m) to over 1 mile (1,600 meters) in length. The sprint format is a series of short-duration races, normally for a small number of laps, that qualify for a final, with a variety of point scoring calculations to determine the event's overall winner. Typical duration does not normally exceed 15 minutes. Here, speed and successful passing is of the most importance. It normally occurs in the format of three qualifying heats and a final race for trophy positions. The FIA championships, including the Karting World Championship , take place in this format. Endurance Endurance races last for an extended period, from 30 minutes up to 24 hours or more, for one or more drivers. In general, consistency, reliability, and pit strategy is of greater importance than all out speed. Called "Enduro" racing in the USA, most WKA & IKF sanctioned events typically last 30 minutes (Sprint Enduro) or 45 minutes (Laydown Enduro) and are run continuous without pit stops. Enduro events are held on full-size road racing circuits that are usually between 1.5 & 4 miles in length. Speedway Speedway racing takes place on Asphalt or clay Oval tracks which are normally between 1/6 mile and 1/4 mile long. Tracks primarily consist of two straight and four left-turn corners, few tracks are symmetric and often the shape parallels that of an egg or a Tri-oval . 'Offset' kart chassis have been developed for precise handling and adjustability in left-turn-only racing competition taking place on oval and tri-oval tracks. Speedway kart races range in length from 4 laps for a trophy dash, to 20 laps for a main event. The two chief racing formats used in dirt speedway karting are heat races and timed laps qualification :
Racing Categories There are many different classes or formulae in karting. The CIK-FIA sanctions international championships in KF1 , KF2 , KF3 , KZ1 , KZ2 and Superkart . These are regarded as the top levels of karting and are also raced in national championships. The World Championship is also decided here. The current 2006 World Champion is Davide Fore from Italy. FIA regulations changes for 2007:
The most celebrated karting series in the UK is the National karting series, also known as Super 1. There are 3 types of Super 1 championships:
NatSKA is a budget karting association set up for schools and youth groups in the UK, with 13 classes. In the United States, the biggest proportion of racers are in the dirt oval classes which often use Briggs & Stratton industrial engines. In Australia, classes include Midget, Rookie, Junior and Senior. Many people race worldwide in Spec Series such as Rotax Max (a Touch-and-Go class) or those using the Yamaha KT100 engine. KARTING AS A LEARNING TOOL Kart racing is usually used as a low-cost and relatively safe way to introduce drivers to motor racing. Many people associate it with young drivers but adults are also very active in karting. Karting is considered the first step in any serious racer's career. It can prepare the driver for high-speed wheel-to-wheel racing by helping develop quick reflexes, precision car control, and decision-making skills. In addition, it brings an awareness of the various parameters that can be altered to try to improve the competitiveness of the kart (examples being tire pressure, gearing, seat position, chassis stiffness) that also exist in other forms of motor racing. Many current and former Formula One racers grew up racing karts, most prominent among them Michael Schumacher , Ayrton Senna , Alain Prost , Fernando Alonso , Kimi Räikkönen , Lewis Hamilton , Jarno Trulli , or Robert Kubica . Many NASCAR drivers also got their start in racing from karts, such as Darrell Waltrip , Lake Speed , Ricky Rudd , Juan Pablo Montoya , Tony Stewart , and Jeff Gordon . As well as "serious" competitive kart racing, many commercial enterprises offer casual hire of karts. Such karts are usually powered by small, detuned four-stroke engines and are far slower than the fully-fledged competitive versions. These karts are built and set to be drivable by anyone. NOTES SEE ALSO
Related : EXTERNAL LINKS Governing Bodies
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