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In Chemistry , an ionic compound is a Chemical Compound in which Ion s are held together in a lattice structure by Ionic Bond s. The positively charged ion is usually a metal ion and the negatively charged ion is non-metallic element or Molecule . Ions can be single atoms, as in common table salt Sodium Chloride , or more complex groups such as Calcium Carbonate . But to be considered a ion, they must carry a positive or negative charge. Thus, in an ionic bond, one 'bonder' must have a positive charge and the other a negative one. By sticking to each other, they resolve, or partially resolve, their separate charge imbalances. Positive to positive and negative to negative ionic bonds do not occur. (For a real world analogy, experiment with a pair of bar Magnet s.) Chemical compounds are rarely strictly ionic or strictly covalent. Except for the most Electronegative / Electropositive pairs such as Cesium Fluoride , ionic compounds usually exhibit a degree of covalency. Similarly, Covalent Compounds often exhibit charge separations. See also HSAB Theory . Physical properties of ionic and molecular compounds: CHARACTERISTICS Ionic compounds have strong Electrostatic Bond s between particles. As a result, they generally have high melting and boiling points. They have good electrical conductivity when molten or in aqueous solution. While ionic Inorganic Compound s are solids at room temperature and will usually form crystals, organic Ionic Liquid s are increasingly of interest. SOLUBILITY Following the aphorism, "like dissolves like", ionic compounds dissolve in Polar Solvent s, especially those which ionize, such as water and Ionic Liquid s. They are usually appreciably soluble in other polar solvents such as Alcohol s, Acetone and Dimethyl Sulfoxide as well. Ionic compounds tend not to dissolve in Nonpolar Solvent s such as Diethyl Ether or Petrol . When an ionic compound is named, the cation is named first and then the anion. When an elemental anion is named, the suffix, -ide, is added to the name of the element. There are two common types of cations: Type I and Type II. Type I cations have only one charge and their name is simply listed when the compound is named. Type II cations have more than one charge and when the ionic compound is named, a Roman numeral is used to denote the charge of the cation. In addition, there are common polyatomic anions which do not have suffixes in their name such as hypochlorite (ClO–). |
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