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It is used in contrast to Extracellular (outside the cell). The Cell Membrane (and, in plants, the Cell Wall ) is the barrier between the two, and chemical composition of intra- and extracellular ''milieu'' can be radically different. In most organisms, for example, a Na+/K+ ATPase maintains a high Potassium level inside cells while keeping Sodium low, leading to chemical Excitability .